Synaptic mechanisms for plasticity in neocortex.

Synaptic mechanisms for plasticity in neocortex.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135516
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
13.9
通讯作者:
Feldman DE
Feldman DE
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Feldman DE

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感觉经验和学习改变大脑皮层的感觉表征。长期以来,人们一直在寻找感觉皮层可塑性背后的突触机制。最近的研究表明,长期的皮质可塑性是一个复杂的、多组分的过程,涉及多种突触和细胞机制。感觉使用、废弃和训练驱动长期增强和抑制(LTP和LTD)、稳态突触可塑性和内在兴奋性可塑性,以及皮层突触和树突棘的形成、移除和形态重塑等结构变化。兴奋和抑制回路都受到经验的强烈调节。这篇综述总结了这些发现,并提出这些机制映射到可塑性的特定功能组件,这些组件共同发生在初级体感、视觉和听觉皮层中。
Sensory experience and learning alter sensory representations in cerebral cortex. The synaptic mechanisms underlying sensory cortical plasticity have long been sought. Recent work indicates that long-term cortical plasticity is a complex, multicomponent process involving multiple synaptic and cellular mechanisms. Sensory use, disuse, and training drive long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD), homeostatic synaptic plasticity and plasticity of intrinsic excitability, and structural changes including formation, removal, and morphological remodeling of cortical synapses and dendritic spines. Both excitatory and inhibitory circuits are strongly regulated by experience. This review summarizes these findings and proposes that these mechanisms map onto specific functional components of plasticity, which occur in common across the primary somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortices.
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