Zones and zoning: Linking the geographies of freeports with ArtTech and financial market making

Zones and zoning: Linking the geographies of freeports with ArtTech and financial market making
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区域和分区:将自由港的地理位置与艺术科技和金融做市联系起来

DOI:
10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.07.006
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Dörry S
Dörry S
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dörry S

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自由港和经济特区(SEZs)是在主权和领土脱钩的基础上,在特定地点吸引外国投资的既定政策工具。因此,它们不仅出现在发展背景下,而且出现在避税天堂和金融中心。最近,自由港和经济特区已经从应对全球最适合吸引有形制造业的空间竞争,转变为应对具有最佳条件的空间竞争,以实现价值提取和财富屏蔽。我们对新兴的艺术科技产业和新的“美术自由港”进行了论证,这些自由港的繁荣源于两个核心的社会实践:分割产权以增强高度排他的美术市场的金融流动性和交易活动,以及离岸外包(或分区)以利用自由港促进的关系来做市和寻租。除了制作和游戏市场,自由港还为美术技术和托管服务提供重要的物理基础设施,这是任何形式的价值创造的先决条件。因此,自由港是政策试验的重要场所。然而,与一般自由区特别是自由港的传统观念相反,它们的经济影响仍然有限。我们通过将自由港概念化为“区域”来解释这一点,这些“区域”是由连接其多个地理位置的特定“分区”过程定义或设计的。我们的结论是,自由港并非特例,而是有助于使整个经济中出现的新制度和经济安排合法化的空间。
Freeports and special economic zones (SEZs) are established policy tools to attract foreign investment at specific locations, based on the de-coupling of sovereignty and territory. As a result, they emerged not only in developmental contexts, but also in tax havens and financial centres. Recently, freeports and SEZs have shifted from responding to global competition for spaces best suited to attract tangible manufacturing to responding to competition for spaces with best conditions to enable value extraction and wealth shielding. We develop the argument on the emerging industry of ArtTech and new ‘fine art freeports’ that thrive on two core social practices: fracturing property rights to enhance financial liquidity and trading activity in highly exclusive fine-art markets, and offshoring – or zoning – to exploit freeport-facilitated relations for market making and rent-seeking. Besides such practices to make and game markets, freeports supply important physical infrastructure for fine-art technical and custody services that precondition any form of value creation. As such, freeports are important spaces for policy experimentation. Contrary to the conventional belief about free zones in general and freeports in particular, however, their economic impact remains limited. We explain this by conceptualising freeports as ‘zones’ defined or designed by specific processes of ‘zoning’ that link their multiple geographies. We conclude that freeports are no sites of exception but spaces that help legitimise novel institutional and economic arrangements emergent in the economy at large.
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