Drinking without thinking: an implicit measure of alcohol motivation predicts failure to control alcohol use.

Drinking without thinking: an implicit measure of alcohol motivation predicts failure to control alcohol use.
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不假思索地喝酒:酒精动机的隐含测量预示着无法控制饮酒。

DOI:
10.1016/j.brat.2008.08.003
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发表时间:
2008
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Greenwald,AnthonyG
Greenwald,AnthonyG
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ostafin,BrianD;Marlatt,GAlan;Greenwald,AnthonyG

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成瘾的特点是控制障碍——尽管有意抑制,但仍在使用物质。本研究使用了一个高风险饮酒者的样本,检验了酒精动机的内隐测量(内隐联想测试[IAT]; Greenwald, a.g., McGhee, d.e., & Schwartz, J.L.K.(1998)。测量内隐认知的个体差异:内隐联想测验。人格与社会心理学杂志,74,1464-1480)可以预测酒精使用的失控。参与者完成了一项IAT测试,为了激发他们抑制饮酒的动机,他们被告知,在味觉测试中饮酒过多会影响他们在随后的任务中的表现,而他们可能会因此而获奖。所有参与者都观看了令人厌恶的幻灯片,然后完成了一项想法清单任务。参与者要么通过抑制对幻灯片的负面影响和想法来进行自我控制,要么不进行自我控制。操作后,两组在情绪、饮酒冲动或抑制消费的动机方面没有差异。在随后的味觉测试中,自控能力被耗尽的参与者比对照组的人喝了更多的酒。此外,IAT,但不是酒精动机的明确测量,更有力地预测了当自我控制资源耗尽时的酒精使用。结果表明,IAT可能在预测酒精使用失控方面具有实用价值。
Addiction is characterized by dyscontrol – substance use despite intentions to restrain. Using a sample of at-risk drinkers, the present study examined whether an implicit measure of alcohol motivation (the Implicit Association Test [IAT]; Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., & Schwartz, J.L.K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464–1480) would predict dyscontrol of alcohol use. Participants completed an IAT and, to elicit motivation to restrain alcohol use, were instructed that greater consumption in a taste test would impair performance on a later task for which they could win a prize. All participants viewed aversive slides and then completed a thought-listing task. Participants either exerted self-control by suppressing negative affect and thoughts regarding the slides or did not exert self-control. Post-manipulation, the groups did not differ in mood, urge to drink or motivation to restrain consumption. During the subsequent taste test, participants whose self-control resources were depleted consumed more alcohol than did those in the control group. Additionally, the IAT, but not an explicit measure of alcohol motivation, more strongly predicted alcohol use when self-control resources were depleted. The results indicate that the IAT may have utility in predicting dyscontrolled alcohol use.
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