Molecular phylogeny of ocelloid-bearing dinoflagellates (Warnowiaceae) as inferred from SSU and LSU rDNA sequences.
Molecular phylogeny of ocelloid-bearing dinoflagellates (Warnowiaceae) as inferred from SSU and LSU rDNA sequences.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-9-116
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发表时间：
2009-05-25
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Leander BS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoppenrath M;Bachvaroff TR;Handy SM;Delwiche CF;Leander BS
甲藻是单细胞真核生物的一个主要谱系，具有无与伦比的形态特征多样性和复杂性。甲藻的单系性已得到令人信服的证明，但甲藻谱系之间的相互关系仍然在很大程度上没有得到解决。Warnowiid甲藻是已知的最显著的真核生物之一，因为它们拥有高度复杂的超微结构系统：活塞，胞囊和ocelloids。像这样复杂的细胞器是进化的创新，只在少数无鞭毛甲藻中发现。此外，Warnowiids的分类是非常混乱的，关于这个谱系的进化历史的推断由于缺乏任何成员的分子系统发育数据而陷入困境。在这项研究中，我们提供了第一个分子系统发育数据warnowiids和夫妇的warnowiid形态特征的审查，以制定一个假设的框架内理解字符的进化组。这些数据也使我们能够评估warnowiids和另一组具有复杂细胞器的甲藻：polykrikoids之间的进化关系。SSU和LSU rDNA序列的分子系统发育分析表明，warnowiids形成了一个很好的支持分支，福尔斯内更包容Gymnocellinium狭义分支。这些数据也证实了polykrikoids的Gymatriinium狭义分支的成员，以及，然而，一个特定的姐妹关系warnowiid分支和polykrikoid分支是未解决的，在我们所有的分析。尽管如此，来自不同warnowiids分离物的新DNA序列为来自海洋生物多样性环境DNA调查的几个先前未识别的序列提供了生物锚。比较形态学数据和分子系统发育数据表明，polykrikoid和warnowiid分支是密切相关的彼此，但精确的分支顺序内的Gymnocellinium狭义分支仍然没有得到解决。我们认为ocelloid作为最好的synapomorphy warnowiids和推断，最近的共同祖先polykrikoids和warnowiids同时拥有随后失去的warnowiids的早期进化过程中的胞囊和光合质体。我们的总结warnowiids的种和属的概念表明，这个鲜为人知的组的系统学是非常有问题的，需要全面的修订。
Dinoflagellates represent a major lineage of unicellular eukaryotes with unparalleled diversity and complexity in morphological features. The monophyly of dinoflagellates has been convincingly demonstrated, but the interrelationships among dinoflagellate lineages still remain largely unresolved. Warnowiid dinoflagellates are among the most remarkable eukaryotes known because of their possession of highly elaborate ultrastructural systems: pistons, nematocysts, and ocelloids. Complex organelles like these are evolutionary innovations found only in a few athecate dinoflagellates. Moreover, the taxonomy of warnowiids is extremely confusing and inferences about the evolutionary history of this lineage are mired by the absence of molecular phylogenetic data from any member of the group. In this study, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic data for warnowiids and couple them with a review of warnowiid morphological features in order to formulate a hypothetical framework for understanding character evolution within the group. These data also enabled us to evaluate the evolutionary relationship(s) between warnowiids and the other group of dinoflagellates with complex organelles: polykrikoids. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of SSU and LSU rDNA sequences demonstrated that warnowiids form a well-supported clade that falls within the more inclusive Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade. These data also confirmed that polykrikoids are members of the Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade as well; however, a specific sister relationship between the warnowiid clade and the polykrikoid clade was unresolved in all of our analyses. Nonetheless, the new DNA sequences from different isolates of warnowiids provided organismal anchors for several previously unidentified sequences derived from environmental DNA surveys of marine biodiversity. Comparative morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data demonstrate that the polykrikoid and the warnowiid clade are closely related to each other, but the precise branching order within the Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade remains unresolved. We regard the ocelloid as the best synapomorphy for warnowiids and infer that the most recent common ancestor of polykrikoids and warnowiids possessed both nematocysts and photosynthetic plastids that were subsequently lost during the early evolution of warnowiids. Our summary of species and genus concepts in warnowiids demonstrate that the systematics of this poorly understood group is highly problematic and a comprehensive revision is needed.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Hansen, G;Daugbjerg, N
通讯作者：
Daugbjerg, N
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2.9
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1.6
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De Salas, MF;Bolch, CJS;Hallegraeff, GM
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