Dissociation in performance of children with ADHD and high-functioning autism on a task of sustained attention.
Dissociation in performance of children with ADHD and high-functioning autism on a task of sustained attention.
复制标题
在持续关注的任务中，多动症儿童的表现分离和高功能自闭症。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.019
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发表时间：
2007-06-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bellgrove MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson KA;Robertson IH;Kelly SP;Silk TJ;Barry E;Dáibhis A;Watchorn A;Keavey M;Fitzgerald M;Gallagher L;Gill M;Bellgrove MA
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症是两种与显著的执行功能障碍相关的神经发育障碍，其基础可能是额纹状体和额顶叶回路的破坏。我们通过持续的注意力任务和有效的大脑行为基础来探索这些疾病的执行功能。对23名ADHD儿童、21名高功能自闭症儿童和18名对照儿童进行了持续注意反应任务（SART）测试。在固定顺序版本的任务中，孩子们被要求对1-9位数序列中可预测出现的“不去”目标(3)隐瞒他们的反应；在随机版本中，序列是不可预测的。ADHD组在反应抑制和持续注意力方面表现出明显的缺陷，在两种SART版本上都存在较高的错误。HFA组没有表现出持续的注意力缺陷，通过在两个SART版本中正常数量的遗漏错误。HFA组在反应抑制表现上表现出分离性，以委托误差为指标。在Fixed SART上，出现的错误数量是正常的，然而当刺激被随机化时，HFA组出现的错误数量与ADHD组一样多。ADHD组反应时间的慢频变异性和平均反应时间的减慢表明觉醒过程受损。与HFA组和对照组相比，ADHD组在反应时间上表现出更大的快速频率变异性，表明自上而下的控制受损。这些数据表明，HFA儿童多动症和前额皮质功能障碍的病理涉及额顶叶注意网络和皮层下唤醒系统。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are two neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prominent executive dysfunction, which may be underpinned by disruption within fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits. We probed executive function in these disorders using a sustained attention task with a validated brain-behaviour basis. Twenty-three children with ADHD, 21 children with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 18 control children were tested on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). In a fixed sequence version of the task, children were required to withhold their response to a predictably occurring no-go target (3) in a 1–9 digit sequence; in the random version the sequence was unpredictable. The ADHD group showed clear deficits in response inhibition and sustained attention, through higher errors of commission and omission on both SART versions. The HFA group showed no sustained attention deficits, through a normal number of omission errors on both SART versions. The HFA group showed dissociation in response inhibition performance, as indexed by commission errors. On the Fixed SART, a normal number of errors was made, however when the stimuli were randomised, the HFA group made as many commission errors as the ADHD group. Greater slow-frequency variability in response time and a slowing in mean response time by the ADHD group suggested impaired arousal processes. The ADHD group showed greater fast-frequency variability in response time, indicative of impaired top-down control, relative to the HFA and control groups. These data imply involvement of fronto-parietal attentional networks and sub-cortical arousal systems in the pathology of ADHD and prefrontal cortex dysfunction in children with HFA.
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影响因子：
3.6
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Bellgrove, Mark A.;Hawi, Ziarih;Robertson, Ian H.
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