Towards a theoretical framework for analyzing integrated socio-environmental systems

Towards a theoretical framework for analyzing integrated socio-environmental systems
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建立分析综合社会环境系统的理论框架

DOI:
10.1016/j.quaint.2012.01.020
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Kretschmer
Kretschmer
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Widlok;Thomas;Aufgebauer;Bradtmöller;Marcel;Richard;Hoffmann;Thomas;Kretschmer

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本文讨论了两个主要的挑战,社会环境系统的综合分析,即贡献学科的多样性和广泛的时间和空间尺度。考古学、地球科学和社会文化人类学提供了与各种具体时间序列和空间分布图有关的信息,以回答与环境和人为因素对人口增长和移徙过程的影响有关的问题。一个基于适应性周期的关键思想的模型,因为它最初是在弹性研究中开发的,可以有效地用于弥合学科的多样性,并整合它们提供的数据的多样性。本文概述了在广泛的经验观察中识别类似模式的第一步。它是探索性的,试图在不同层次上追踪这些模式,以理解人类与环境相互作用的复杂性。所考虑的案例材料涉及(1)觅食者流动及其模拟的可观察人种学数据,(2)中欧新石器时代的人口统计学,(3)旧石器时代晚期觅食者的旧人口统计学,(4)气候不稳定条件下旧石器时代觅食者的社会重组,(5)巴尔干半岛普雷斯帕湖的古环境研究,(6)农业土地利用方式对坡面沉积物通量的环境响应。参考这些情况下,一个自适应的周期模型的概述,与增长,保护,扭曲和重组的阶段。该模型有助于推断不同环境和社会领域的内部动态,而不会将一个领域缩小到另一个领域,同时仍然连接来自许多不同来源的证据。更一般地说,这样的模型可以帮助理解非线性、多因素关系、规模依赖性和时间滞后的特征,这些特征似乎是综合社会环境系统复杂动态的典型特征。
This article addresses two major challenges for an integrated analysis of socio-environmental systems, namely the diversity of contributing disciplines and the wide spectrum of temporal and spatial scales. Archaeology, the geosciences and socio-cultural anthropology provide information relating to a diversity of specific time series and spatial distribution maps in order to answer questions relating to the impact of environmental and anthropogenic factors in population growth and migration processes. A model based on the key idea of adaptive cycles as it was initially developed in resilience research can be productively employed to bridge the diversity of disciplines and to integrate the diversity of data that they provide. This article outlines first steps towards recognizing similar patterns across a wide spectrum of empirical observations. It is exploratory in its attempt to trace these patterns across different layers of understanding the complexity of human–environment interaction. The case material considered relates to (1) observable ethnographic data on forager mobility and its simulation, (2) the demography of the Central European Neolithic, (3) the palaeodemography of foragers during the Late Upper Palaeolithic, (4) the societal reorganization by Palaeolithic foragers under climate instability, (5) the palaeoenvironmental study of lake Prespa in the Balkans, and (6) environmental responses to agricultural land use practices in relation to sediment flux in hillslope systems. With reference to these cases, an adaptive cycle model is outlined, with phases of growth, conservation, distortion and reorganization. The model helps to infer internal dynamics in the diverse environmental and social domains without reducing one domain to another while still connecting evidence from a host of different sources. More generally, such a model could help in understanding features of non-linearity, multifactoral relations, scale dependency and time-lags which seem to be typical for the complex dynamics of integrated socio-environmental systems.
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