Bootstrap inference when using multiple imputation.

Bootstrap inference when using multiple imputation.
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DOI:
10.1002/sim.7654
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发表时间:
2018-06-30
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Heumann C
Heumann C
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schomaker M;Heumann C

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许多现代估计量需要自举来计算置信区间,因为没有可用的分析标准误差,或者感兴趣的参数的分布是不对称的。然而,在处理多重插补以解决缺失数据时,如何获得有效的自助推断仍不清楚。我们提出了四种方法,这是直观的吸引力,易于实现,并结合联合收割机自助估计与多重插补。我们发现,四种方法中的三种产生有效的推断,但方法的性能随插补数据集的数量和缺失的程度而变化。仿真研究揭示了我们的方法在有限样本中的行为。艾滋病毒治疗研究的一项专题分析确定了幼儿开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的最佳时机,展示了这四种方法在复杂和现实环境中的实际影响。这种分析存在数据缺失的问题,并使用g公式进行推断,这是一种没有标准误差的方法。
Many modern estimators require bootstrapping to calculate confidence intervals because either no analytic standard error is available or the distribution of the parameter of interest is non-symmetric. It remains however unclear how to obtain valid bootstrap inference when dealing with multiple imputation to address missing data. We present four methods which are intuitively appealing, easy to implement, and combine bootstrap estimation with multiple imputation. We show that three of the four approaches yield valid inference, but that the performance of the methods varies with respect to the number of imputed data sets and the extent of missingness. Simulation studies reveal the behavior of our approaches in finite samples. A topical analysis from HIV treatment research, which determines the optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in young children, demonstrates the practical implications of the four methods in a sophisticated and realistic setting. This analysis suffers from missing data and uses the g-formula for inference, a method for which no standard errors are available.
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