Ecological Economic Evaluation Based on Emergy as Embodied Cosmic Exergy: A Historical Study for the Beijing Urban Ecosystem 1978-2004
Ecological Economic Evaluation Based on Emergy as Embodied Cosmic Exergy: A Historical Study for the Beijing Urban Ecosystem 1978-2004
复制标题
基于宇宙火用能值的生态经济评价——1978-2004年北京城市生态系统的历史研究
DOI：
10.3390/e12071696
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发表时间：
2010-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Li Shuang Cheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Zhan-Ming;Zhang Bo;Zhou Jiang Bo;Xia Xiao Hua;Zhou Shi Yi;Jiang Mei Ming;Li Shuang Cheng
在基于统一生物物理矩阵的生态经济评价中，本研究提出了一种更新的能值综合方法，即以宇宙（火用）代替太阳（火用），这是对系统生态学理论的一种补充，但将评价的出发点从简单的太阳转变为宇宙。基于热力学基本定律的能值定义，修正后的能值定义包含显式稀缺性和严格可加性，克服了传统能值方法易混淆和难以处理的缺陷，具有更坚实的理论基础和更好的适用性。作为区域社会经济生态系统的案例研究，提出了基于宇宙能值的北京城市生态系统1978-2004年的生态经济评价。支持相关生态系统的本地和外部资源以一个共同单位进行核算和分析，即，宇宙焦耳模型，从能值结构、能值强度、能值福利、环境影响、开发程度和经济效率5个方面，运用一系列指标揭示了其演化特征。在分析期内，维持生态系统运行的主要能值来源已从本地开采的可再生资源转变为从外部购买的不可再生资源。由于资源的不断投入，北京城市生态系统的能值强度不断上升，在提高生活水平的同时，也加剧了环境压力。此外，开发程度的提高伴随着经济效率的下降，而能值投资比例的上升则意味着北京市面临着资源短缺和对外部资源依赖程度高的风险
For ecological economic evaluation based on the unified biophysical matrix this research illustrates an updated emergy synthesis in terms of embodied cosmic exergy instead of embodied solar energy, which successes the foundation of systems ecological theory but changes the starting point for the estimation from simply the sun to the cosmos. According to the modified definition implicating explicit scarcity and strict additivity based on the fundamental thermodynamics laws, the updated emergy approach overcomes the confusable and intractable deficiencies of traditional one and shows firmer theoretical basis as well as better applicability. As a case study for the regional socio-economic ecosystem, a cosmic emergy based ecological economic evaluation of the Beijing urban ecosystem during the period 1978-2004 is presented. The local and external resources supporting the concerned ecosystem are accounted and analyzed in a common unit, i.e., cosmic Joule, according to which a series of indicators are applied to reveal its evolutional characteristics through five aspects as emergy structure, emergy intensity, emergy welfare, environmental impacts, and degree of exploitation and economic efficiency. During the analyzed period, the major emergy source sustaining the operation of the ecosystem had changed from the renewable resources exploited locally to the nonrenewable resources purchased from outside. Emergy intensity for the Beijing urban ecosystem kept rising owing to the continuous investment of resources, which not only improved the living standard but also intensified the environmental pressure. Moreover, the increase of exploitation degree was accompanied with the decline of economic efficiency, while the rising emergy investment ratio implicates that Beijing was at the risks of resources shortage and high dependence on external resources
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