Maternal Effects May Act as an Adaptation Mechanism for Copepods Facing pH and Temperature Changes
Maternal Effects May Act as an Adaptation Mechanism for Copepods Facing pH and Temperature Changes
复制标题
母体效应可能是桡足类面临 pH 和温度变化的适应机制
作者：
A. Vehmaa;A. Brutemark;J. Engström
由于二氧化碳更多地溶解在地表水中而造成的海洋酸化和全球变暖对海洋生物的适应机制提出了挑战。在北方沿海环境中，温度和pH值随季节变化很大，但有时由于上升流事件，在数小时内也会迅速变化。我们研究了生活在波动环境中的桡足类浮游动物是否能耐受2100年预测的气候变化影响，即，温度升高3°C，pH降低0.4。在四种温度和pH条件（17°C/环境pH; 17 ° C/低pH; 20°C/环境pH; 20 ° C/低pH）下连续五天跟踪桡足类Acartia sp.的卵产生。产蛋量较高的治疗与温暖的温度，但增加较小的桡足类同时暴露于温暖的温度和降低pH值。为了揭示母体的影响是重要的，在适应不断变化的环境，我们进行了一个鸡蛋移植实验，在生产的鸡蛋被转移到一个不同的环境和鸡蛋孵化监测三天。当pH值在产蛋和孵化条件之间变化时，它导致孵化成功率降低，但在实验过程中效果减弱，可能是由于改善了母体供应。较高的产蛋温度诱导了正的母体效应，提高了卵孵化率。孵化温度升高也会导致孵化提前。然而，温度效应似乎取决于环境海水温度。我们的初步研究结果表明，母体效应是一个重要的机制，在面对环境变化。
Acidification of the seas, caused by increased dissolution of CO2 into surface water, and global warming challenge the adaptation mechanisms of marine organisms. In boreal coastal environments, temperature and pH vary greatly seasonally, but sometimes also rapidly within hours due to upwelling events. We studied if copepod zooplankton living in a fluctuating environment are tolerant to climate change effects predicted for 2100, i.e., a temperature increase of 3°C and a pH decrease of 0.4. Egg production of the copepod Acartia sp. was followed over five consecutive days at four temperature and pH conditions (17°C/ambient pH; 17°C/low pH; 20°C/ambient pH; 20°C/low pH). Egg production was higher in treatments with warmer temperature but the increase was smaller when copepods were simultaneously exposed to warmer temperature and lowered pH. To reveal if maternal effects are important in terms of adaptation to a changing environment, we conducted an egg transplantation experiment, where the produced eggs were moved to a different environment and egg hatching was monitored for three days. When pH changed between the egg production and hatching conditions, it resulted in lower hatching success, but the effect was diminished over the course of the experiment possibly due to improved maternal provisioning. Warmer egg production temperature induced a positive maternal effect and increased the egg hatching rate. Warmer hatching temperature resulted also in earlier hatching. However, the temperature effects appear to be dependent on the ambient sea temperature. Our preliminary results indicate that maternal effects are an important mechanism in the face of environmental change.
影响因子：
14.6
作者：
Martijn Gough
通讯作者：
Martijn Gough