A Critical Appraisal of the Social Norms Approach as an Interventional Strategy for Health-Related Behavior and Attitude Change.
A Critical Appraisal of the Social Norms Approach as an Interventional Strategy for Health-Related Behavior and Attitude Change.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02180
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bewick BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dempsey RC;McAlaney J;Bewick BM
社会规范方法是一种广泛使用的促进积极健康相关行为的干预策略。该方法的运作前提是，个人误解了他们的同伴的行为和态度，有证据表明，低估和高估的行为和同伴批准的一系列积极和消极的行为。这些误解越大，一个人就越有可能从事负面行为，如消费大量的酒精和其他物质，并减少积极的行为，如健康饮食和使用防晒霜。然而，在干预措施和实证研究中使用社会规范反馈存在许多复杂性。许多社会规范干预措施并不试图改变对社会规范的误解或衡量干预前后规范观念的变化。这导致了一个合并的通用社会规范干预措施与那些明确测试的方法的假设，这是同龄人的规范，驱动行为的误解。本综述的目的是对社会规范方法作为健康相关行为干预策略的使用进行批判性评估，通过证据库确定当前问题，强调该方法面临的主要机遇和挑战，并就使用该方法时的良好做法提出建议。在使用社会规范方法时，有三个核心挑战和改进实践的领域。首先，在方法上的严谨性和“社会规范”研究报告的清晰度的改进，确保研究是测试的方法的误解行为的作用的假设是从研究调查其他形式的“社会规范”的区别。其次，需要一个更明确，统一和可测试的理论模型，概述了规范性误解的发展，可以转化为干预性研究。最后，除了随机对照试验外，还需要对社会规范干预措施进行更有力的评估，例如纳入过程评估，对社会规范反馈的参与者经验进行定性研究，以及更适合现实世界公共卫生环境的替代研究设计。需要作出这种改进，以确保社会规范方法得到充分的检验和评价。
The Social Norms Approach is a widely used intervention strategy for promoting positive health-related behaviors. The Approach operates on the premise that individuals misperceive their peers’ behaviors and attitudes, with evidence of under- and over-estimations of behaviors and peer approval for a range of positive and negative behaviors respectively. The greater these misperceptions, the more likely an individual is to engage in negative behaviors such as consuming heavier amounts of alcohol and other substances and reduce positive behaviors such as eating healthily and using sun protection. However, there are many complexities associated with the use of social norms feedback in interventions and empirical studies. Many social norms interventions do not attempt to change misperceptions of social norms or measure changes in normative perceptions pre- and post-intervention. This has led to a conflation of generic social norms interventions with those that are explicitly testing the Approach’s assumptions that it is misperceptions of peer norms which drive behavior. The aim of the present review was to provide a critical appraisal of the use of the Social Norms Approach as an intervention strategy for health-related behaviors, identify the current issues with its evidence base, highlight key opportunities and challenges facing the approach, and make recommendations for good practice when using the approach. There are three core challenges and areas for improved practice when using the Social Norms Approach. Firstly, improvements in the methodological rigor and clarity of reporting of ‘social norms’ research, ensuring that studies are testing the approach’s assumption of the role of misperceptions on behaviors are differentiated from studies investigating other forms of ‘social norms.’ Secondly, the need for a more explicit, unified and testable theoretical model outlining the development of normative misperceptions which can be translated into interventional studies. Finally, a need for a more robust evaluation of social norms interventions in addition to randomized controlled trials, such as the inclusion of process evaluations, qualitative studies of participant experiences of social norms feedback, and alternative study designs better suited for real-world public health settings. Such improvements are required to ensure that the Social Norms Approach is adequately tested and evaluated.
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DOI：
10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
发表时间：
1991-12-01
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
AJZEN, I
通讯作者：
AJZEN, I
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Elsey, Helen;Owiredu, Elizabeth;Siddiqi, Kamran
通讯作者：
Siddiqi, Kamran
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Dickie, Rachel;Rasmussen, Susan;MacKay, William
通讯作者：
MacKay, William
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Ernsting C;Dombrowski SU;Oedekoven M;O Sullivan JL;Kanzler M;Kuhlmey A;Gellert P
通讯作者：
Gellert P
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Arbour-Nicitopoulos, Kelly P.;Kwan, Matthew Y. W.;Faulkner, Guy E. J.
通讯作者：
Faulkner, Guy E. J.