Facial shape manifestations of growth faltering in Tanzanian children.
Facial shape manifestations of growth faltering in Tanzanian children.
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.12748
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hallgrimsson B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cole JB;Manyama MF;Nikitovic D;Gonzalez PN;Liberton DK;Wilson WM;Rolian C;Larson JR;Kimwaga E;Mathayo J;Roseman CC;Santorico SA;Lukowiak K;Spritz RA;Hallgrimsson B
人类面部形状和身材的变化是由遗传和环境影响之间复杂的相互作用决定的。其中一种环境影响是营养不良，它会导致生长迟缓，通常通过将个人的身高与一套与年龄相适应的标准进行比较来诊断。然而，这些身材标准通常是在那些生长迟缓风险较低的人群中确定的。此外，人群之间在身高方面的遗传差异已经得到证实，这进一步使基于身高的诊断工具的普遍性复杂化。在一个5-19岁儿童的大样本中，我们获得了来自坦桑尼亚姆万扎市及其周边地区的高分辨率基因组数据、人体测量数据和3D面部图像。通过全基因组复杂性状分析，我们划分了生长结果和面部形状的遗传和环境差异。我们发现，生长迟缓的孩子的脸看起来像年龄更大、个子更高的孩子的脸，与预期的异速生长轨迹相反，并且以社区和个人水平上协方差的环境部分预测的方式。面部形状的环境差异在不同群体之间变化微妙但显著，而遗传差异则很小。这些结果表明，面部形状保留了营养不良暴露的信息，这对改进儿童营养状况的评估以及颅面变异的发育遗传学都具有重要意义。
Variation in the shape of the human face and in stature is determined by complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences. One such environmental influence is malnourishment, which can result in growth faltering, usually diagnosed by means of comparing an individual’s stature to a set of age appropriate standards. These standards for stature, however, are typically ascertained in groups where people are at low risk for growth faltering. Moreover, genetic differences among populations with respect to stature are well established, further complicating the generalizability of stature based diagnostic tools. In a large sample of children aged 5–19, we obtained high-resolution genomic data, anthropometric measures and 3D facial images from individuals within and around the city of Mwanza, Tanzania. With Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis, we partitioned genetic and environmental variance for growth outcomes and facial shape. We found that children with growth faltering have faces that look like those of older and taller children, in a direction opposite to the expected allometric trajectory and in ways predicted by the environmental portion of covariance at the community and individual levels. The environmental variance for facial shape varied subtly but significantly among communities whereas genetic differences were minimal. These results reveal that facial shape preserves information about exposure to undernourishment, with important implications for refining assessments of nutritional status in children and the developmental-genetics of craniofacial variation alike.
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影响因子：
1.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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发表时间：
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