Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816).
Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0169374
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Monroig O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kabeya N;Sanz-Jorquera A;Carboni S;Davie A;Oboh A;Monroig O
海胆被广泛认为是一种美味佳肴，其作为人类食物的质量受到其饮食的高度影响。一般的脂质和特别是长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）是必需的营养素，不仅决定了海胆的营养价值，而且还保证了圈养海胆的正常生长和繁殖。海胆中LC-PUFA的内源性产生（生物合成）的贡献仍然未知。以青斑副棘鲷为模型动物，对海胆中LC-PUFA生物合成的关键酶脂肪酰去饱和酶（Fads）进行分子和功能研究。三种Fads，即FadsA，FadsC 1和FadsC 2，进行了表征。系统发育分析表明，在棘皮动物门内的Fads的剧目各不相同类。一方面，P. lividus FadsA的直向同源物在其他棘皮动物纲中发现，包括海星、海蛇尾和海参，从而表明这种去饱和酶几乎存在于所有棘皮动物中。初步认为FadsC是海胆特有的去饱和酶。最后，另一种被称为FadsB的去饱和酶存在于海星、海蛇尾和海参中，但似乎在海胆中缺失。对P. lividus Fads的功能表征证实了FadsA是对饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸（FA）具有活性的Δ5去饱和酶。此外，我们的实验证实，FadsA在非亚甲基中断FA的生物合成中起作用，这是一组通常在海洋无脊椎动物中发现的化合物。另一方面，来自P. lividus的两种FadsC去饱和酶均显示Δ8活性。目前的结果表明，P. lividus具有去饱和酶，其解释了通过所谓的“Δ8途径”生物合成生理必需的二十碳五烯酸和花生四烯酸所需的所有去饱和反应。
Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called “Δ8 pathway”.
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影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Fonseca-Madrigal, Jorge;Navarro, Juan C.;Monroig, Oscar
通讯作者：
Monroig, Oscar
DOI：
10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.11.010
发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00301-4
发表时间：
2000-12-20
影响因子：
2
作者：
Cook, EJ;Bell, MV;Kelly, MS
通讯作者：
Kelly, MS