The application of 'kisser' probes for resolving the distribution and microenvironment of membrane proteins in situ.

The application of 'kisser' probes for resolving the distribution and microenvironment of membrane proteins in situ.
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DOI:
10.1080/01677063.2018.1503260
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发表时间:
2018-09
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Macleod GT
Macleod GT
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stawarski M;Justs KA;Hernandez RX;Macleod GT

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膜蛋白在突触的形成和功能中起着主导作用,但是,尽管免疫学和分子遗传学发生了革命性的变化,我们在完整突触背景下研究膜蛋白的能力仍然存在局限性。在这里,我们介绍了一种简单而新颖的方法来解决内源性膜蛋白在活组织或固定组织中的分布。该技术涉及到具有细胞外标签、通用跨膜结构域和细胞内末端的蛋白质的转基因表达,该末端模仿感兴趣的内源性蛋白质的细胞内锚定基序。我们提供了三个例子,这些kisser探针可以用来回答有关内源性蛋白质及其微环境的突触分布的问题,这些问题很难通过其他当代手段解决:i)未标记蛋白在神经肌肉连接处(Cacophony和Shaker)的活分布,ii)未标记蛋白(PMCA)在突触前和突触后膜中的相对分布,在固定突触的间隙上仅隔20 nm, iii)功能探针(化学和蛋白质荧光pH报告者)对膜蛋白定义的亚细胞结构域的活靶向。
Membrane proteins play a lead role in the formation and function of synapses, but, despite revolutions in immunology and molecular genetics, limitations persist in our ability to investigate membrane proteins in the context of an intact synapse. Here we introduce a simple but novel approach to resolving the distribution of endogenous membrane proteins in either live or fixed tissues. The technique involves transgenic expression of a protein with an extracellular tag, a generic transmembrane domain, and an intracellular terminus that mimics the intracellular anchoring motifs of the endogenous protein of interest. We provide three examples where these kisser probes can be used to answer questions regarding the synaptic distribution of endogenous proteins and their microenvironment that would be difficult to resolve by other contemporary means: i) the live distribution of untagged proteins at the neuromuscular junction (Cacophony and Shaker), ii) the relative distribution of an untagged protein (PMCA) in pre- versus post-synaptic membranes separated by only 20 nm across the cleft of a fixed synapse, and iii) the live targeting of functional probes (chemical and protein fluorescent pH reporters) to membrane protein-defined subcellular domains.
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