Understanding the linkages between social safety nets and childhood violence: a review of the evidence from low- and middle-income countries.
Understanding the linkages between social safety nets and childhood violence: a review of the evidence from low- and middle-income countries.
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DOI：
10.1093/heapol/czx033
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Palermo TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peterman A;Neijhoft AN;Cook S;Palermo TM
每年有多达10亿儿童遭受暴力侵害，家庭和社区一级的贫困是侵犯儿童保护的风险因素。社会安全网是解决贫困和脆弱性的主要政策工具，有大量证据表明，社会安全网对儿童健康和人力资本产生了积极影响。本文回顾了证据，并制定了一个框架，以了解低收入和中等收入国家的非缴费型SSN与儿童情感，身体和性暴力经历之间的联系。我们列出了14项严格的影响评估，其中11项已经完成，分析了对各种暴力指标的57种独特影响。在这些影响中，大约五分之一的影响在统计上对儿童暴力具有重要的保护作用。有令人鼓舞的证据表明，非洲的少女遭受性暴力，而在发展中世界其他地区，以及对幼儿的措施，包括暴力管教措施，没有明显证据表明产生了重大影响。此外，很少有研究能够有意义地揭示社会安全网与儿童暴力之间的机制;然而，最常见的假设是在家庭一级（通过增加经济安全和减少与贫穷有关的压力）、人际一级（改善父母行为、鼓励做法、改善心理社会福祉）和儿童一级（保护性教育和减少问题或危险行为）发挥作用。重要的是要强调，传统的SSN从来都不是以预防暴力为主要目标而设计的，因此不应被视为降低儿童暴力风险的独立干预措施。然而，社会安全网，特别是在综合保护系统内，似乎有可能减少暴力风险。社会安全号码与儿童暴力之间的联系研究不足，应进行投资，以弥补这一证据差距。
As many as one billion children experience violence every year, and household- and community-level poverty are among the risk factors for child protection violations. Social safety nets (SSNs) are a main policy tool to address poverty and vulnerability, and there is substantial evidence demonstrating positive effects on children’s health and human capital. This paper reviews evidence and develops a framework to understand linkages between non-contributory SSNs and the experience of childhood emotional, physical and sexual violence in low- and middle-income countries. We catalogue 14 rigorous impact evaluations, 11 of which are completed, analysing 57 unique impacts on diverse violence indicators. Among these impacts, approximately one in five represent statistically significant protective effects on childhood violence. Promising evidence relates to sexual violence among female adolescents in Africa, while there is less clear evidence of significant impacts in other parts of the developing world, and on young child measures, including violent discipline. Further, few studies are set up to meaningfully unpack mechanisms between SSNs and childhood violence; however, those most commonly hypothesized operate at the household level (through increases in economic security and reductions in poverty-related stress), the interpersonal level (improved parental behaviours, caregiving practices, improved psychosocial well-being) and at the child-level (protective education and decreases in problem or risky behaviours). It is important to emphasize that traditional SSNs are never designed with violence prevention as primary objectives, and thus should not be considered as standalone interventions to reduce risks for childhood violence. However, SSNs, particularly within integrated protection systems, appear to have potential to reduce violence risk. Linkages between SSNs and childhood violence are understudied, and investments should be made to close this evidence gap.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Abramsky T;Watts CH;Garcia-Moreno C;Devries K;Kiss L;Ellsberg M;Jansen HA;Heise L
通讯作者：
Heise L
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Villa, Juan Miguel
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Banerjee, Abhijit;Karlan, Dean;Zinman, Jonathan
通讯作者：
Zinman, Jonathan
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Berger, LM
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Baird, Sarah J.;Garfein, Richard S.;Oezler, Berk
通讯作者：
Oezler, Berk