Analysis of Heating Load Diversity and Application in a District Heating System
Analysis of Heating Load Diversity and Application in a District Heating System
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区域供热系统热负荷分集分析及应用
DOI：
10.26868/25222708.2017.009
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Hong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Weissmann;P. Wörner;T. Hong
在德国，住宅小区供热的区域供暖系统近年来变得更加重要。尽管如此，它们的效率和成本在很大程度上取决于中央发电厂的装机容量，中央发电厂的设计能够在任何时候满足该地区要求的最大供热负荷。该地区能源需求概况的高度多样性可能会平衡个别高峰负荷的影响，从而降低装机容量。这就是为什么负荷多样性已经成为以往研究的重点，特别是关于电力需求。然而，单体建筑和居住者相关特征分别对住宅小区整体热需求分布的多样性的影响还没有得到进一步的研究。为了衡量多样性，本文引入了峰值负荷率(PLR)指标，该指标给出了该地区的峰值负荷相对于所有独立建筑的峰值负荷合计的减少百分比。基于建筑物和居住者相关边界条件的定义，使用建筑动态模拟软件IDA ICE创建了144个不同的荷载分布。在此之后，PLR指数被应用于由这些轮廓组成的虚拟测试区。算例表明，特别是在添加了具有不同居住者行为的建筑物后，PLR高达15%。在本文的第二部分中，将PLR分析的结果应用于区域供热模拟模型，以权衡装机容量减少所描述的好处与热分布损失的实际劣势。同时，分析了荷载密度和小区建筑外形的影响。结果表明，最明显的是，负荷密度高的地区，包括按照最新建筑能源标准建造的建筑物，都有潜力利用负荷多样性。
In Germany, district heating systems for the heat supply of residential districts have become more important in recent years. Still, their efficiency and costs heavily depend on the installed capacity of the central plant, which is designed to be capable of covering the district’s maximum requested heating load at any time. A high diversity of energy demand profiles in the district may balance the impact of individual peak loads and consequently lower the installed capacity. That is why load diversity has already been the focus of previous studies, particularly regarding the electricity demand. However, the influence of single building and occupant related characteristics on diversity respectively the residential district’s overall heat demand profile has not been under further investigation. In order to measure diversity, this paper introduces a peak load ratio (PLR) index that gives the percentage reduction in the district’s peak load compared to the aggregated peak loads of all individual buildings. Based on a definition of building and occupant related boundary conditions, 144 distinct load profiles are created using IDA ICE, a dynamic building simulation software. After that, the PLR index is employed on a fictional test district consisting of these profiles. The example shows that especially after adding buildings with a different occupant behavior the PLR goes up to 15%. In the second part of this paper, the results of the PLR analysis are applied to a district heating simulation model in order to trade off the described benefit of reduced installed capacities against the practical disadvantage of heat distribution losses. Likewise, the influence of load density and the district’s building profile is analyzed. The outcomes show that most notably districts with high load density including buildings constructed according to the latest building energy standards have the potential to take the advantage of load diversity.
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
C. Weissmann;T. Hong;Carl-Alexander Graubner
通讯作者：
C. Weissmann;T. Hong;Carl-Alexander Graubner