Functional, Morphological, and Evolutionary Characterization of Hearing in Subterranean, Eusocial African Mole-Rats.
Functional, Morphological, and Evolutionary Characterization of Hearing in Subterranean, Eusocial African Mole-Rats.
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功能，形态学，和听觉的进化特征在地下，真社会非洲鼹鼠。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.035
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发表时间：
2020-11-16
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Park TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pyott SJ;van Tuinen M;Screven LA;Schrode KM;Bai JP;Barone CM;Price SD;Lysakowski A;Sanderford M;Kumar S;Santos-Sacchi J;Lauer AM;Park TJ
裸鼹鼠是一种声音很大、很合群的地下啮齿动物，但与直觉相反，它们的听力很差。他们的听力改变的原因是未知的。此外，听力改变是否是退化或适应他们独特的生活方式是有争议的。我们使用了各种方法来确定的因素，导致听力改变的裸和相关的达马拉地鼹鼠，并检查这些改变是否导致放松或适应性选择。值得注意的是，我们发现，耳蜗放大是缺席的两个物种，尽管正常的普雷斯廷功能的外毛细胞分离裸鼹鼠。相反，耳蜗放大的损失似乎是由于在这两个物种中观察到的异常毛束形态。通过利用精心策划的耳聋表型-基因型数据库，我们确定了与异常毛束形态和听力灵敏度降低一致的氨基酸取代。氨基酸取代被发现在独特的六组毛束连接蛋白。分子进化分析显示，这六个毛束连接蛋白的五个在基因和密码子水平的选择压力的变化。其中三种蛋白质的取代只与听力改变有关。总之，我们的研究结果确定了非洲鼹鼠听力改变的可能机制，使它们成为唯一被确定的自然缺乏耳蜗放大的哺乳动物。此外，我们的研究结果表明，非洲鼹鼠的听力改变是适应性的，也许是根据真实社会和地下生活方式调整听力。最后，我们的工作揭示了非洲鼹鼠听力的多个独特的进化轨迹，并建立了物种成员作为自然发生的疾病模型来研究人类听力损失。Pyott等人将非洲裸鼠和达马拉地鼹鼠相对较差的听力归因于缺乏耳蜗放大、毛束中断和带有与发育相关的氨基酸取代的毛束蛋白。一些束蛋白的正选择表明，改变的听力是适应地下和eusocial生活方式。
Naked mole-rats are highly vocal, eusocial, subterranean rodents with, counterintuitively, poor hearing. The causes underlying their altered hearing are unknown. Moreover, whether altered hearing is degenerate or adaptive to their unique lifestyles is controversial. We used various methods to identify the factors contributing to altered hearing in naked and the related Damaraland mole-rats and to examine whether these alterations result from relaxed or adaptive selection. Remarkably, we found that cochlear amplification was absent from both species despite normal prestin function in outer hair cells isolated from naked mole-rats. Instead, loss of cochlear amplification appears to result from abnormal hair bundle morphologies observed in both species. By exploiting a well-curated deafness phenotype-genotype database, we identified amino acid substitutions consistent with abnormal hair bundle morphology and reduced hearing sensitivity. Amino acid substitutions were found in unique groups of six hair bundle link proteins. Molecular evolutionary analyses revealed shifts in selection pressure at both the gene and the codon level for five of these six hair bundle link proteins. Substitutions in three of these proteins are associated exclusively with altered hearing. Altogether, our findings identify the likely mechanism of altered hearing in African mole-rats, making them the only identified mammals naturally lacking cochlear amplification. Moreover, our findings suggest that altered hearing in African mole-rats is adaptive, perhaps tailoring hearing to eusocial and subterranean lifestyles. Finally, our work reveals multiple, unique evolutionary trajectories in African mole-rat hearing and establishes species members as naturally occurring disease models to investigate human hearing loss. Pyott et al. attribute comparatively poor hearing in African naked and Damaraland mole-rats to lack of cochlear amplification, disrupted hair bundles, and hair bundle proteins bearing deafness-associated amino acid substitutions. Positive selection in some bundle proteins suggests altered hearing is adaptive to subterranean and eusocial lifestyles.
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