Tropical cyclone life cycle in a three‐dimensional numerical simulation

Tropical cyclone life cycle in a three‐dimensional numerical simulation
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三维数值模拟中的热带气旋生命周期

DOI:
10.1002/qj.4133
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Montgomery MT
Montgomery MT
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith RK;Kilroy G;Montgomery MT

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本文采用一种理想的、三维的反平面静态环境下热带气旋演化的数值模拟,探讨了在旋转-对流模式下热带气旋生命周期的各个方面。在20天的模拟中,涡旋经历了一个生命周期,包括孕育期最终形成、快速增强阶段、成熟阶段、短暂衰减和再增强阶段、第二次成熟阶段和快速衰减阶段。在生命周期的大部分时间里,气流演变是高度不对称的,尽管它的重要方面可以在一个方位平均框架内理解,其中心是边界层控制机制和新的通风诊断。边界层控制机制为涡旋内核的逐渐膨胀提供了一种解释。通风诊断的特点是在给定半径内的深对流,以疏散在该半径内的边界层上升的空气质量。瞬态衰减和再强化阶段与眼壁更换周期无关,而是与一个迄今为止未描述的过程有关,在这个过程中,眼壁随着雨带复合体的形成而变得破碎。这个过程被解释为边界层和通风之间的相互作用。涡旋的最终快速衰减是由于深对流对出边界层的空气进行通风的难度越来越大。由于平均绝对角动量的近似守恒,任何不通风的空气在对流层下部径向向外流动并导致自旋下降。如果在真实的气旋中发现,这种短暂性或最终衰减可能被错误地归因于环境垂直风切变。结果支持这样的假设,即即使在静止的环境中,孤立的热带气旋涡旋本质上是短暂的,永远不会达到全球稳定状态。
An idealized, three‐dimensional, numerical simulation of tropical cyclone evolution in a quiescent environment on anf‐plane is used to explore aspects of the cyclone's life cycle in the context of the rotating‐convection paradigm. In the 20‐day simulation, the vortex undergoes a life cycle including a gestation period culminating in genesis, a rapid intensification phase, a mature phase, a transient decay and re‐intensification phase, a second mature phase and a rapid decay phase. During much of the life cycle, the flow evolution is highly asymmetric, although important aspects of it can be understood within an azimuthally averaged framework, central to which are a boundary‐layer control mechanism and a new ventilation diagnostic. The boundary‐layer control mechanism provides an explanation for the gradual expansion of the inner core of the vortex. The ventilation diagnostic characterizes the ability of deep convection within a given radius to evacuate the mass of air ascending out of the boundary layer within that radius. The transient decay and re‐intensification phase is not associated with an eyewall replacement cycle, but rather with a hitherto undescribed process in which the eyewall becomes fragmented as a rainband complex forms beyond it. This process is interpreted as an interplay between the boundary layer and ventilation. The final rapid decay of the vortex results from the ever increasing difficulty of deep convection to ventilate the air exiting the boundary layer. Any unventilated air flows radially outwards in the lower troposphere and leads to spin‐down because of the approximate conservation of mean absolute angular momentum. If found in real cyclones, such transience or final decay might be erroneously attributed to ambient vertical wind shear. The results support the hypothesis that, even in a quiescent environment, isolated tropical cyclone vortices are intrinsically transient and never reach a globally steady state.
DOI: 10.1029/2018jd030092
发表时间: 2019
期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
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发表时间: 2017
影响因子: 8.9
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2017
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