Volcanic conduit failure as a trigger to magma fragmentation

Volcanic conduit failure as a trigger to magma fragmentation
复制标题

火山管道故障引发岩浆破碎

DOI:
10.1007/s00445-011-0544-2
复制
发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
P. M. Benson
P. M. Benson
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lavallee;P. M. Benson

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

在火山风险评估中,通常假设岩浆以缓慢的速度上升将喷发,而岩浆以快速上升将导致爆炸性喷发。从机理上看,这种评估得到了岩浆粘弹性性质(即,岩浆在施加的应变速率下松弛的能力),通过流动压力梯度(与排出速率有关)联系起来,控制着喷发的类型。在这样的分析中,岩浆和管道壁之间的物理相互作用通常被忽略到一级。然而,在上升过程中,岩浆必须强行通过火山建筑物/结构,其存在和形式可能会极大地影响岩浆试图上升的应力场。在这里,我们表明,通过流动压力破裂的管道壁释放的弹性冲击,导致在断裂的粘性岩浆本身。我们发现,岩浆碎裂发生在应变速率七个数量级慢于理论预期的轴向应变速率。我们的结论是,排放率不能提供一个可靠的指示上升的岩浆流变学没有知识的管道壁的稳定性,火山灾害评估有重要的影响。现在需要新的数值模拟,以整合岩浆/管道相互作用到喷发模型。
In the assessment of volcanic risk, it is often assumed that magma ascending at a slow rate will erupt effusively, whereas magma ascending at fast rate will lead to an explosive eruption. Mechanistically viewed, this assessment is supported by the notion that the viscoelastic nature of magma (i.e., the ability of magma to relax at an applied strain rate), linked via the gradient of flow pressure (related to discharge rate), controls the eruption style. In such an analysis, the physical interactions between the magma and the conduit wall are commonly, to a first order, neglected. Yet, during ascent, magma must force its way through the volcanic edifice/structure, whose presence and form may greatly affect the stress field through which the magma is trying to ascend. Here, we demonstrate that fracturing of the conduit wall via flow pressure releases an elastic shock resulting in fracturing of the viscous magma itself. We find that magma fragmentation occurred at strain rates seven orders of magnitude slower than theoretically anticipated from the applied axial strain rate. Our conclusion, that the discharge rate cannot provide a reliable indication of ascending magma rheology without knowledge of conduit wall stability, has important ramifications for volcanic hazard assessment. New numerical simulations are now needed in order to integrate magma/conduit interaction into eruption models.
硅酸盐熔体的结构弛豫和地质过程中的非牛顿熔体流变学
DOI: --
发表时间: 1989
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Donald Bruce Dingwell;S. Webb
通讯作者: S. Webb
1981 年和 1982 年圣海伦斯火山的变形监测
DOI: 10.1126/science.221.4618.1378
发表时间: 1983
期刊: Science
影响因子: 56.9
作者:
William W. Chadwick;Donald A. Swanson;E. Iwatsubo;C. Heliker;T. A. Leighley
通讯作者: T. A. Leighley
Darley Dale 砂岩流体压力驱动裂缝的实验和模拟研究
DOI: --
发表时间: 2004
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
S. Vinciguerra;P. Meredith;J. Hazzard
通讯作者: J. Hazzard
DOI: --
发表时间: 2005
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Agust Gudmundsson;S. Brenner
通讯作者: S. Brenner