Modulation of emotional appraisal by false physiological feedback during fMRI.
Modulation of emotional appraisal by false physiological feedback during fMRI.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0000546
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发表时间：
2007-06-20
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Critchley, Hugo D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray, Marcus A.;Harrison, Neil A.;Wiens, Stefan;Critchley, Hugo D.
詹姆斯和兰格提出情绪是对生理反应的感知。情绪的两层理论扩展了这个模型，表明对生理变化的认知解释塑造了自我报告的情绪。相应地，诱发或强直身体反应的错误生理反馈可以改变情绪归因。此外，焦虑状态被认为是由于检测到生理唤醒的实际状态和预期状态之间的不匹配而产生的。然而，这些现象的神经基础此前尚未得到研究。我们进行了功能性脑成像（fMRI）实验，以研究初级和二级生理（内脏感觉）表征如何影响外部情绪线索的处理。在强直心率的真实和错误听觉反馈的背景下，在运动和非运动条件下判断 12 名参与者的面部刺激时，我们对 12 名参与者进行了扫描。我们观察到，心率增加的错误反馈增强了中性面孔的感知情绪强度/显着性。在右前岛叶、双侧中岛叶和杏仁核内观察到与这种行为相互作用相对应的神经活动的区域变化。此外，即使感知或实际心率没有变化，右前岛叶活动也通过相对于同步心脏反馈的异步增强，表明该区域可作为检测生理失配的比较器。最后，右前岛叶和杏仁核内的 BOLD 活动预测了群体和个体水平上感知强度等级的相应变化。我们的研究结果确定了支持错误生理反馈行为影响的神经基质，并强调了主观焦虑状态背后的机制，包括右前岛叶在指导身体唤醒状态的二阶“认知”表征中的重要性。
James and Lange proposed that emotions are the perception of physiological reactions. Two-level theories of emotion extend this model to suggest that cognitive interpretations of physiological changes shape self-reported emotions. Correspondingly false physiological feedback of evoked or tonic bodily responses can alter emotional attributions. Moreover, anxiety states are proposed to arise from detection of mismatch between actual and anticipated states of physiological arousal. However, the neural underpinnings of these phenomena previously have not been examined. We undertook a functional brain imaging (fMRI) experiment to investigate how both primary and second-order levels of physiological (viscerosensory) representation impact on the processing of external emotional cues. 12 participants were scanned while judging face stimuli during both exercise and non-exercise conditions in the context of true and false auditory feedback of tonic heart rate. We observed that the perceived emotional intensity/salience of neutral faces was enhanced by false feedback of increased heart rate. Regional changes in neural activity corresponding to this behavioural interaction were observed within included right anterior insula, bilateral mid insula, and amygdala. In addition, right anterior insula activity was enhanced during by asynchronous relative to synchronous cardiac feedback even with no change in perceived or actual heart rate suggesting this region serves as a comparator to detect physiological mismatches. Finally, BOLD activity within right anterior insula and amygdala predicted the corresponding changes in perceived intensity ratings at both a group and an individual level. Our findings identify the neural substrates supporting behavioural effects of false physiological feedback, and highlight mechanisms that underlie subjective anxiety states, including the importance of the right anterior insula in guiding second-order “cognitive” representations of bodily arousal state.
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