Associated morphometric and geospatial differentiation among 98 species of stone oaks (Lithocarpus).
Associated morphometric and geospatial differentiation among 98 species of stone oaks (Lithocarpus).
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98 种石栎 (Lithocarpus) 的相关形态和地理空间差异
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0199538
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cannon CH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen X;Kohyama TS;Cannon CH
在柯属（Lithocarpus）物种中可区分出两种果实类型：“橡果”（AC）型和“封闭花托”（ER）型。我们对来自98个物种（占所有柯属物种的三分之一）的595颗坚果进行形态测量分析，发现两种果实类型的两种木质果组织（外果皮和花托）在对种子的机械保护方面存在显著转变。AC型果实的种子和果实较小，薄而脆的外果皮在很大程度上包裹着种子，而ER型果实较大，种子主要被厚的木质花托组织包裹。这两种组织的差异在果实类型和物种之间比在其内部要大得多。地理空间分布表明，所有受检物种的种子大小随海拔升高而增大，随纬度升高而减小，物理防御随海拔和纬度的升高而增强，ER型果实的物种在较高海拔更为常见。这两种果实类型代表了不同的相关性状组合，它们对与地理变异相关的各种生物和非生物因素有不同的反应，深刻影响着这两种果实类型的进化。同一森林中两种果实类型的共存可能是不同的果实与动物相互作用的结果。
Two fruit types can be distinguished among stone oaks (Lithocarpus) species: the ‘acorn’ (AC) and the ‘enclosed receptacle’ (ER) types. Our morphometric analysis of 595 nuts from 98 species (one third of all Lithocarpus spp.) found substantial transition in mechanical protection of the seed between two woody fruit tissues (exocarp and receptacle) of two fruit types. AC fruits were smaller in seed and fruit size and the thin brittle exocarp largely enclosed the seed, whereas ER fruits were larger and the seed was mostly enclosed by thick woody receptacle tissue. The differences in these two tissues were considerably greater between compared to within fruit type and species. Geospatial distribution showed that seed size of all examined species increased with elevation and decreased with latitude, the physical defense increased with both elevation and latitude, and ER-fruit species were more common at higher elevation. The two fruit types represent distinct suites of associated traits that respond differently to the various biotic and abiotic factors associated with geographic variation, profoundly impacting the evolution of the two fruit types. The co-occurrence of two fruit types in the same forest could be a consequence of distinct fruit and animal interactions.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
AIZEN, MA;PATTERSON, WA
通讯作者：
PATTERSON, WA
影响因子：
2
作者：
Iseki, Naoyuki;Sasaki, Akira;Toju, Hirokazu
通讯作者：
Toju, Hirokazu
DOI：
10.2307/1550987
发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
JOLLS, CL;BOCK, JH
通讯作者：
BOCK, JH
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Chen, Si-Chong;Hemmings, Frank A.;Moles, Angela T.
通讯作者：
Moles, Angela T.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Moles, Angela T.;Bonser, Stephen P.;Foley, William J.
通讯作者：
Foley, William J.