Cultural Similarities and Differences in Social Discounting: The Mediating Role of Harmony-Seeking.
Cultural Similarities and Differences in Social Discounting: The Mediating Role of Harmony-Seeking.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01426
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Eisen C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ishii K;Eisen C
一个人对他人的慷慨程度会随着社交距离的增加而下降，这被称为社交贴现。我们研究了社会折扣中的文化异同，以及相互依赖的两个方面（自我表达和自我独特性）以及独立的两个方面（寻求和谐和避免拒绝）的中介作用。研究 1 采用与之前研究人员测试北美人相同的程序，结果表明，与北美人相比，日本人对伴侣的结果的低估程度高于他们自己未来的结果，而伴侣结果的主观价值随着社会距离的变化而加速下降。为了更详细地考察社会折扣的文化异同，研究 2 对日本人和德国人进行了测试，发现指数双曲模型比其他模型更适合参与者的折扣行为，但德国人的损失条件除外，其中表明了 q 指数模型的效用。此外，尽管日本人的社会贴现率高于德国人，但文化差异仅限于增益框架。然而，与德国人相比，日本人的慷慨程度随着社会距离的变化而加速下降。此外，社会收益折扣的文化差异是由追求和谐的水平所调节的，德国人的和谐程度高于日本人。讨论了文化特征背景下个人慷慨的含义。
One’s generosity to others declines as a function of social distance, which is known as social discounting. We examined cultural similarities and differences in social discounting and the mediating roles of the two aspects of interdependence (self-expression and distinctiveness of the self) as well as the two aspects of independence (harmony-seeking and rejection avoidance). Using the same procedure that previous researchers used to test North Americans, Study 1 showed that compared to North Americans, Japanese discount more steeply a partner’s outcomes compared to their own future outcomes, whereas the decrease in the subjective value of the partner’s outcomes accelerates less as a function of social distance. To examine the cultural similarities and differences in social discounting in more detail, Study 2 tested Japanese and Germans and found that the hyperbolic with exponent model fitted the participants’ discounting behaviors better than the other models, except for the loss condition in Germans where the utility of the q-exponential model was indicated. Moreover, although the social discounting rate was higher in Japanese than in Germans, the cultural difference was limited to the gain frame. However, the decline in a person’s generosity accelerated less as a function of social distance in Japanese than in Germans. Furthermore, the cultural difference in the social discounting in gains was mediated by the level of harmony-seeking, which was higher in Germans than in Japanese. Implications for individuals’ generosity against the backdrop of cultural characteristics are discussed.
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