Discovery of a Byzantine Church in Iznik/Nicaea, Turkey: an Educational Case History of Geophysical Prospecting with Combined Methods in Urban Areas
Discovery of a Byzantine Church in Iznik/Nicaea, Turkey: an Educational Case History of Geophysical Prospecting with Combined Methods in Urban Areas
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土耳其伊兹尼克/尼西亚拜占庭教堂的发现：城市地区联合方法地球物理勘探的教育案例
DOI：
10.1002/arp.1491
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
E. Pekşen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Rabbel;E. Erkul;H. Stümpel;T. Wunderlich;R. Pašteka;J. Papčo;P. Niewöhner;S. Bariş;O. Çakın;E. Pekşen
伊兹尼克市古称尼卡亚或尼西亚，位于土耳其安纳托利亚西北部。尼西亚尤其因罗马皇帝君士坦丁于公元 325 年召开的第一次尼西亚会议而闻名，其目的是统一教会。在一次关于考古目标地球物理勘探的国际野外课程中，我们在城市内的一块休耕地上发现了一座以前不为人知的小型拜占庭教堂的遗迹。教堂的方向与古老的希波达米亚街道网格平行，与该地区的现代街道系统偏离约 45°。我们发现了中殿、两条过道和三个后殿的轮廓，以及部分重新填满的坟墓的证据。地球物理测量表明，教堂的地基由低磁化率的低孔隙率硬岩组成，可能是嵌入河流沉积物中的石灰岩或砂岩。现场研究基于探地雷达（GPR）、磁学、电阻率断层扫描（ERT）和微重力测量。它强调了结合不同地球物理方法来探索和描述考古遗址的优势和必要性。事实上，教堂的基础墙并没有显示出任何磁异常，但只能通过探地雷达才能清楚地描绘出来。墙体遗迹在 ERT 中显示为高电阻点。通过将三维探地雷达图像转换为电阻率模型，我们可以验证 ERT 结果与探地雷达发现的废墟完全对应。该结构被解释为松散重新填充的坟墓，主要由微弱的重力异常（~9 μGal）和探地雷达中的漫反射图案表明。电正演模型表明，这种结构导致高电阻率异常的额外增加，这主要是由基岩引起的，但它无法在先验的 ERT 模式内解决。版权所有 © 2014 约翰·威利父子有限公司
The city of Iznik, called Nikaia or Nicaea in ancient times, is located in northwest Anatolia, Turkey. Nicaea is renowned especially for the first Council of Nicaea convened by the Roman emperor Constantine in ad 325 in an attempt to unify the Church. During an international field course on the geophysical exploration of archaeological targets we detected the remains of a small previously unknown Byzantine church on a fallow lot of land inside the city. The church is oriented parallel to the ancient Hippodamian street grid that deviates from the modern street system of the quarter by ~45°. We found the contours of the nave, two aisles and three apses as well as evidence of a partly refilled grave. The geophysical measurements indicate that the foundations of the church consist of low‐porosity hard rock with a low magnetic susceptibility, probably limestone or sandstone embedded in fluvial sediments. The field study is based on ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), magnetics, electric resistivity tomography (ERT) and microgravimetry. It highlights the strength and necessity of combining different geophysical methods in exploring and characterizing archaeological sites. In fact, the foundation walls of the church do not show any magnetic anomaly but could be delineated clearly only by GPR. The wall remains appear as highly resistive spots in ERT. By converting the three‐dimensional GPR image into an electric resistivity model we could verify that the ERT results fully correspond to the ruins found by GPR. The structure interpreted as a loosely refilled grave is indicated mainly by a weak gravity anomaly (~9 μGal) and a diffuse reflection pattern in GPR. Electric forward modelling shows that this structure leads to an additional increase of a high resistivity anomaly, which is primarily caused by foundation rocks, but it cannot be resolved within the ERT pattern a priori. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
青铜时代的 höyüks、铁器时代的山顶堡垒、罗马城墙和热尔米亚及其附近地区的拜占庭朝圣活动 安纳托利亚中部高原上“连通性”和缺乏“明确地点”
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Philipp Niewöhner;Gülseren Dikilitaş;Ercan Erkul;Stefan Giese;Joachim Gorecki;Walter Prochaska;Deniz Sarı;Harald Stümpel;Ali Vardar;Alice Waldner;Andreas Victor Walser;und Heiko Woith
通讯作者：
und Heiko Woith