Biological response to nano-scale titanium dioxide (TiO2): role of particle dose, shape, and retention.

Biological response to nano-scale titanium dioxide (TiO2): role of particle dose, shape, and retention.
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DOI:
10.1080/15287394.2013.826567
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Pinkerton KE
Pinkerton KE
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Silva RM;Teesy C;Franzi L;Weir A;Westerhoff P;Evans JE;Pinkerton KE

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TiO2 是应用最广泛的纳米材料之一,因其高折射、光催化和着色特性而受到重视。 TiO2 还被国际癌症研究机构 (IARC) 列为可能的人类致癌物。本研究的目的是确定纳米级 TiO2 的最低观察效应水平 (LOEL),确定肺部对 TiO2 的吸收,并根据物理化学性质和肺部保留来估计毒性。使用不同形式的特征良好、高度分散的 TiO2 评估了纳米级 TiO2 的体内肺毒性。测试了锐钛矿/金红石 P25 球 (TiO2-P25)、纯锐钛矿球 (TiO2-A) 和锐钛矿纳米带 (TiO2-NB)。为了确定剂量和颗粒特征的影响,通过气管内滴注给予雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠 TiO2(0、20、70 或 200 µg)。暴露后 1 天和 7 天获取支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF) 和肺组织进行分析。尽管所有暴露的动物中都含有丰富的 TiO2 内含物,但只有 TiO2-NB 在 1 天的时间点引起 BALF 中观察到的任何明显程度的炎症。 7 天后炎症消退;然而,二氧化钛颗粒尚未从肺部回收的肺泡巨噬细胞中清除。组织学检查显示 TiO2-NB 在第 1 天引起细胞变化,这种变化在第 7 天仍然很明显。我们得出结论,TiO2-NB 是最具炎症性的,在滴注后 1 天可观察到的效应水平最低为 200 µg。
TiO2 is one of the most widely used nanomaterials, valued for its highly refractive, photocatalytic and pigmenting properties. TiO2 is also classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen. The objectives of this study were to establish a lowest observed effect level (LOEL) for nano-scale TiO2, determine TiO2 uptake in the lungs, and estimate toxicity based on physico-chemical properties and retention in the lungs. In vivo lung toxicity of nano-scale TiO2 using varying forms of well-characterized, highly-dispersed TiO2 was assessed. Anatase/rutile P25 spheres (TiO2-P25), pure anatase spheres (TiO2-A), and anatase nanobelts (TiO2-NB) were tested. To determine the effects of dose and particle characteristics, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given TiO2 (0, 20, 70, or 200 µg) via intratracheal instillation. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were obtained for analysis 1 and 7 days post exposure. Despite abundant TiO2 inclusions in all exposed animals, only TiO2-NB elicited any significant degree of inflammation seen in BALF at the 1-day time-point. This inflammation resolved by 7 days; although, TiO2 particles had not cleared from alveolar macrophages recovered from the lung. Histological examination showed TiO2-NB caused cellular changes at day 1 which were still evident at day 7. We conclude TiO2-NB is the most inflammatory with a lowest observable effect level of 200 µg at 1 day post instillation.
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