The fate and dynamics of iron during the transformation of activated sludge into oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) under hydrodynamic batch conditions for environmental applications
The fate and dynamics of iron during the transformation of activated sludge into oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) under hydrodynamic batch conditions for environmental applications
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在环境应用的水动力批量条件下，活性污泥转化为含氧光颗粒（OPG）过程中铁的命运和动态
DOI：
10.1016/j.jece.2022.108190
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Park, Chul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ansari, Abeera A.;Ansari, Arfa A.;Khoja, Asif Hussain;Gikonyo, Gitau J.;Abouhend, Ahmed S.;Park, Chul
产氧光颗粒（OPG）是致密的球形结构，含有丝状蓝藻、微藻和非光养细菌。除了静水批量条件外，OPG 还可以在光照水动力批量条件下直接从活性污泥中生产。 Fe 在这些流体动力学批次条件中的作用仍然未知。在这项研究中，四批重复的水动力批次含有两倍稀释的 Amherst 和 Hadley 活性污泥，在连续照明 (126 ± 9 µmol/m2-s) 和混合 (20 rpm) 下运行 19 天。光照和初始厌氧条件的发展导致 Fe，尤其是 Fe (II) 快速释放到大量液体中。然而，该铁池迅速下降并保持在总体稳定值。与生物质结合的胞外聚合物 (bEPS-Fe) 连接的 Fe 在批次期间持续下降，并最终达到稳定水平。蓝藻生长与 bEPS 和散装液体 Fe 库均表现出中等到强的负相关性，而与 bEPS-Fe 相比，微藻生长显示出对散装液体 Fe 的更多依赖。 Fe 分布分析显示生物质颗粒部分中的 Fe 含量较高，其次是 bEPS 提取物和散装液体部分。在光造粒过程中，颗粒铁含量的增加可能是由于细胞内铁含量的增加。总体而言，该研究表明，bEPS 和散装液体部分中可用铁的限制促进了在流体动力学批次条件下光颗粒的形成。这些观察结果与之前报道的分批静水培养相似，这进一步支持了两批条件下共有的光粒化现象。
Oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) are dense, spherical structures containing filamentous cyanobacteria, microalgae, and non-phototrophic bacteria. Besides hydrostatic batch conditions, OPGs can be produced directly from activated sludge under illuminated hydrodynamic batch conditions. The role of Fe in these hydrodynamic batch conditions is still unknown. In this study, four replicate hydrodynamic batches with two times diluted Amherst and Hadley activated sludges were operated under continuous illumination (126 ± 9 µmol/m2-s) and mixing (20 rpm) for a period of 19 days. Illumination and initial anaerobic condition development led to the rapid release of Fe, especially Fe (II), into the bulk liquids. However, this Fe pool quickly declined and remained at overall steady values. The Fe linked with biomass-bound extracellular polymeric substances (bEPS-Fe) continued to decline during batches and eventually reached stable levels. Cyanobacterial growth exhibited moderate to strong negative correlations to both bEPS and bulk-liquid Fe pools whereas microalgal growth showed more dependence on bulk-liquid Fe compared to bEPS-Fe. The Fe distribution analysis revealed higher Fe content in the biomass pellet fraction, followed by bEPS extract and bulk liquid fraction. Increases in the level of pelletized Fe, over the course of photogranulation, are likely due to increases in intracellular Fe content. Overall, the study demonstrates that the limitation of available Fe in bEPS and bulk liquid fractions encouraged the formation of photogranules in hydrodynamic batch conditions. These observations are similar to earlier reported batch hydrostatic cultivation, which further supports the shared photogranulation phenomena in the two batch conditions.
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