Methylotrophic methanogens and bacteria synergistically demethylate dimethylarsenate in paddy soil and alleviate rice straighthead disease.
Methylotrophic methanogens and bacteria synergistically demethylate dimethylarsenate in paddy soil and alleviate rice straighthead disease.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-023-01498-7
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发表时间：
2023-11
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Zhao, Fang-Jie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Chuan;Li, Lingyan;Wang, Yanfen;Dong, Xiuzhu;Zhao, Fang-Jie
微生物在砷（As）生物地球化学中起着关键作用，将砷转化为无机形态和有机形态以及不同的氧化态。微生物甲基化在缺氧水稻土中增强，主要产生二甲基larsenic (DMAs)，可导致水稻直叶病和大量产量损失。dma也可以在水稻土中去甲基化，但驱动这一过程的微生物尚不清楚。本研究表明，水稻土中甲基营养型产甲烷菌的富集培养能有效地去甲基化五价DMAs(V)。去甲基化前，DMAs(V)被还原为DMAs（III）。16S rRNA基因多样性和宏基因组分析表明，在富集培养中，Methanomassiliicoccus占主导地位，Methanosarcina和methanocleus也存在。从富集培养中分离出发光甲烷球菌CZDD1和mazei甲烷菌CZ1；前者能部分去甲基化三价DMAs(III)，但不能部分去甲基化DMAs(V)，后者两者都不能。菌株CZDD1加入到富集培养中，可以大大加速DMAs(V)的去甲基化。富集培养中DMAs(V)的去甲基化被氨苄西林抑制，提示细菌参与。我们从富集培养中分离出包括梭状芽胞杆菌在内的3株厌氧细菌，它们可以产氢并将DMAs(V)还原为DMAs（III）。此外，在水稻土中增加甲烷菌与梭状芽孢杆菌的共培养，减少了水稻对DMAs的积累，减轻了直发病。结果表明，厌氧细菌通过将DMAs(V)还原为DMAs（III）来促进甲烷发酵菌的去甲基化，同时产生氢气促进甲烷发酵菌的生长，两者之间存在协同作用；增加它们在水稻土中的数量有助于缓解水稻直叶病。
Microorganisms play a key role in arsenic (As) biogeochemistry, transforming As species between inorganic and organic forms and different oxidation states. Microbial As methylation is enhanced in anoxic paddy soil, producing primarily dimethylarsenic (DMAs), which can cause rice straighthead disease and large yield losses. DMAs can also be demethylated in paddy soil, but the microorganisms driving this process remain unclear. In this study, we showed that the enrichment culture of methylotrophic methanogens from paddy soil demethylated pentavalent DMAs(V) efficiently. DMAs(V) was reduced to DMAs(III) before demethylation. 16S rRNA gene diversity and metagenomic analysis showed that Methanomassiliicoccus dominated in the enrichment culture, with Methanosarcina and Methanoculleus also being present. We isolated Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis CZDD1 and Methanosarcina mazei CZ1 from the enrichment culture; the former could partially demethylate trivalent DMAs(III) but not DMAs(V) and the latter could demethylate neither. Addition of strain CZDD1 to the enrichment culture greatly accelerated DMAs(V) demethylation. Demethylation of DMAs(V) in the enrichment culture was suppressed by ampicillin, suggesting the involvement of bacteria. We isolated three anaerobic bacterial strains including Clostridium from the enrichment culture, which could produce hydrogen and reduce DMAs(V) to DMAs(III). Furthermore, augmentation of the Methanomassiliicoccus-Clostridium coculture to a paddy soil decreased DMAs accumulation by rice and alleviated straighthead disease. The results reveal a synergistic relationship whereby anaerobic bacteria reduce DMAs(V) to DMAs(III) for demethylation by Methanomassiliicoccus and also produce hydrogen to promote the growth of Methanomassiliicoccus; enhancing their populations in paddy soil can help alleviate rice straighthead disease.
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