Posture affects how robots and infants map words to objects.

Posture affects how robots and infants map words to objects.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0116012
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Smith LB
Smith LB
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Morse AF;Benitez VL;Belpaeme T;Cangelosi A;Smith LB

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对于婴儿来说,学习一个单词的第一个问题是将单词映射到它的指称;第二个问题是,当再次遇到单词和/或指针时,要记住这个映射。最近的婴儿研究表明,空间位置在婴儿如何解决这两个问题中起着关键作用。在这里,我们提供了一个新的理论模型和新的经验证据,关于身体及其瞬间姿势如何在这些过程中发挥核心作用。本研究使用了一个名字-对象映射任务,在这个任务中,名字要么是在他们的目标不存在的情况下遇到的(实验1 - 3,6和7),要么是当他们的目标存在时,但在以前与箔相关的位置(实验4,5,8和9)。一个人形机器人模型(实验1-5)被用来实例化和检验以身体为中心的空间位置,从而身体的瞬间姿势,被用来集中绑定听到的名字和视觉对象的多模态特征的假设。机器人模型被证明可以复制现有的婴儿数据,然后产生新的预测,这些预测在新的婴儿研究中得到验证(实验6-9)。尽管在第二组实验中,空间位置与任务无关,但婴儿使用以身体为中心的空间偶然性而不是时间偶然性来映射名称到对象。婴儿和机器人都能记住名称-对象映射,即使是在新的空间位置。然而,机器人模型显示了这种记忆是如何产生的——不是通过将身体信息从词-物映射中分离出来,就像之前空间在词-物映射中的作用模型中提出的那样——而是通过身体在空间中的瞬间配置。
For infants, the first problem in learning a word is to map the word to its referent; a second problem is to remember that mapping when the word and/or referent are again encountered. Recent infant studies suggest that spatial location plays a key role in how infants solve both problems. Here we provide a new theoretical model and new empirical evidence on how the body – and its momentary posture – may be central to these processes. The present study uses a name-object mapping task in which names are either encountered in the absence of their target (experiments 1–3, 6 & 7), or when their target is present but in a location previously associated with a foil (experiments 4, 5, 8 & 9). A humanoid robot model (experiments 1–5) is used to instantiate and test the hypothesis that body-centric spatial location, and thus the bodies’ momentary posture, is used to centrally bind the multimodal features of heard names and visual objects. The robot model is shown to replicate existing infant data and then to generate novel predictions, which are tested in new infant studies (experiments 6–9). Despite spatial location being task-irrelevant in this second set of experiments, infants use body-centric spatial contingency over temporal contingency to map the name to object. Both infants and the robot remember the name-object mapping even in new spatial locations. However, the robot model shows how this memory can emerge –not from separating bodily information from the word-object mapping as proposed in previous models of the role of space in word-object mapping – but through the body’s momentary disposition in space.
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