Semantic content outweighs low-level saliency in determining children's and adults' fixation of movies.
Semantic content outweighs low-level saliency in determining children's and adults' fixation of movies.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.002
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Mareschal I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rider AT;Coutrot A;Pellicano E;Dakin SC;Mareschal I
看电影时，内容重于突出。眼球运动之间的差异随着年龄的增长而减小。凝视模式在整个发展过程中显示出类似的(定性)战略。为了理解视觉世界，我们需要将眼睛移动到高分辨率中心凹上感兴趣的区域。因此，眼球运动为我们提供了一种推断视觉处理和注意力分配机制的方法。在这里，我们通过记录37名儿童(6-14岁)和10名成年人的眼球运动，同时观看三个5分钟的儿童友好电影动态视频片段，研究了与年龄相关的视觉处理差异。这些数据以两种互补的方式进行分析：(A)基于凝视的数据和(B)基于内容的数据。首先，使用三种不同的方差度量(离散度、聚集度和距中心的距离)来检查年龄组内和跨年龄组的扫描路径的相似性。其次，对基于内容的注视模型进行了比较，以确定其中哪种模型能最好地解释我们的动态数据。我们发现，眼球运动的差异随着年龄的增加而减少，这表明共同的注意力定向。对不同模型的比较表明，依赖人脸的模型通常比其他接受测试的模型表现更好，即使是最年轻的年龄段(10岁)。然而，对特定参与者眼球运动的最好预测是所有其他参与者在同一年龄组和不同年龄组的眼球运动的平均值。这些发现对理解儿童如何注意视觉信息和强调儿童在整个发展过程中观看策略的相似之处具有重要意义。
Content outweighs saliency when watching films. Variance between eye movements decreases with age. Gaze patterns show similar (qualitative) strategies across development. To make sense of the visual world, we need to move our eyes to focus regions of interest on the high-resolution fovea. Eye movements, therefore, give us a way to infer mechanisms of visual processing and attention allocation. Here, we examined age-related differences in visual processing by recording eye movements from 37 children (aged 6–14 years) and 10 adults while viewing three 5-min dynamic video clips taken from child-friendly movies. The data were analyzed in two complementary ways: (a) gaze based and (b) content based. First, similarity of scanpaths within and across age groups was examined using three different measures of variance (dispersion, clusters, and distance from center). Second, content-based models of fixation were compared to determine which of these provided the best account of our dynamic data. We found that the variance in eye movements decreased as a function of age, suggesting common attentional orienting. Comparison of the different models revealed that a model that relies on faces generally performed better than the other models tested, even for the youngest age group (<10 years). However, the best predictor of a given participant’s eye movements was the average of all other participants’ eye movements both within the same age group and in different age groups. These findings have implications for understanding how children attend to visual information and highlight similarities in viewing strategies across development.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Frank MC;Amso D;Johnson SP
通讯作者：
Johnson SP
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Birmingham, Elina;Bischof, Walter F.;Kingstone, Alan
通讯作者：
Kingstone, Alan
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Dorr, Michael;Martinetz, Thomas;Barth, Erhardt
通讯作者：
Barth, Erhardt
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Fukushima, J;Hatta, T;Fukushima, K
通讯作者：
Fukushima, K
DOI：
10.1109/34.730558
发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
23.6
作者：
Itti, L;Koch, C;Niebur, E
通讯作者：
Niebur, E