ATR autophosphorylation as a molecular switch for checkpoint activation.

ATR autophosphorylation as a molecular switch for checkpoint activation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2011.06.019
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发表时间:
2011-07-22
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Zou L
Zou L
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu S;Shiotani B;Lahiri M;Maréchal A;Tse A;Leung CC;Glover JN;Yang XH;Zou L

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共济失调毛细血管扩张症突变和Rad 3相关(ATR)激酶是保护基因组的主要检查点调节因子。在DNA损伤后,ATR-ATRIP复合物被RPA包被的单链DNA募集到DNA损伤位点,并通过一个难以捉摸的过程被激活。在这里,我们表明,ATR转化为一个高度磷酸化的状态后,DNA损伤,和一个单一的自磷酸化事件在Thr 1989是至关重要的ATR激活。Thr 1989的磷酸化依赖于RPA、ATRIP和ATR激酶活性,但出乎意料地不依赖于ATR刺激剂TopBP 1。将ATR-ATRIP募集到RPA-ssDNA导致ATR-ATRIP复合物聚集并促进Thr 1989反式磷酸化。磷酸化的Thr 1989通过BRCT结构域7和8被TopBP 1直接识别,使TopBP 1能够接合ATR-ATRIP,刺激ATR激酶,并促进ATR底物识别。因此,RPA-ssDNA上的ATR自磷酸化是启动稳健的检查点应答的分子开关。
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is a master checkpoint regulator safeguarding the genome. Upon DNA damage, the ATR-ATRIP complex is recruited to sites of DNA damage by RPA-coated single-stranded DNA and activated by an elusive process. Here, we show that ATR is transformed into a hyperphosphorylated state after DNA damage, and that a single autophosphorylation event at Thr 1989 is crucial for ATR activation. Phosphorylation of Thr 1989 relies on RPA, ATRIP, and ATR kinase activity, but unexpectedly not on the ATR stimulator TopBP1. Recruitment of ATR-ATRIP to RPA-ssDNA leads to congregation of ATR-ATRIP complexes and promotes Thr 1989 phosphorylation in trans. Phosphorylated Thr 1989 is directly recognized by TopBP1 via the BRCT domains 7 and 8, enabling TopBP1 to engage ATR-ATRIP, to stimulate the ATR kinase, and to facilitate ATR substrate recognition. Thus, ATR autophosphorylation on RPA-ssDNA is a molecular switch to launch robust checkpoint response.
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