Combination prevention: new hope for stopping the epidemic.

Combination prevention: new hope for stopping the epidemic.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11904-013-0155-y
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发表时间:
2013-06
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Hayes, Richard J.
Hayes, Richard J.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vermund, Sten H.;Hayes, Richard J.

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艾滋病毒研究已经确定了可以结合使用的方法,这些方法比单独使用任何一种方法更有效地减少传播:推迟青少年首次性行为,相互一夫一妻制或减少性伴侣,正确和一贯使用避孕套,使用口服抗逆转录病毒药物或阴道杀微生物剂进行暴露前预防,自愿医疗男性包皮环切术,抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)预防(包括预防艾滋病毒母婴传播)、治疗性传播感染、所有注射都使用干净针头、献血前进行血液筛查,一种未来的艾滋病毒初免/加强疫苗,以及女用避孕套。在多大程度上可以结合循证方式来预防艾滋病毒的大量传播,这在很大程度上是未知的,但在实地条件下真正可以实施的综合方法可能比单独的单一干预措施有效得多。与防止母婴传播相类似,减少成人之间传播的“以预防为主的治疗”包括扩大艾滋病毒检测、与护理挂钩、抗逆转录病毒覆盖面、继续护理、坚持治疗以及管理抑郁症和药物使用等主要并发症。成功地抑制病毒后,艾滋病毒感染者对其他人的传染性要小得多,正如我们在性传播感染控制和分枝杆菌疾病控制(结核病和麻风病)领域所看到的那样。组合方法很复杂,可能涉及很高的方案成本,并需要大量的全球承诺。我们提出了这种投资的理由,并列举了一个正在进行的研究议程,旨在确定如何可行和成本效益的综合预防方法将在各种流行病的情况下,特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲。
HIV research has identified approaches that can be combined to be more effective in transmission reduction than any 1 modality alone: delayed adolescent sexual debut, mutual monogamy or sexual partner reduction, correct and consistent condom use, pre-exposure prophylaxis with oral antiretroviral drugs or vaginal microbicides, voluntary medical male circumcision, antiretroviral therapy (ART) for prevention (including prevention of mother to child HIV transmission [PMTCT]), treatment of sexually transmitted infections, use of clean needles for all injections, blood screening prior to donation, a future HIV prime/boost vaccine, and the female condom. The extent to which evidence-based modalities can be combined to prevent substantial HIV transmission is largely unknown, but combination approaches that are truly implementable in field conditions are likely to be far more effective than single interventions alone. Analogous to PMTCT, “treatment as prevention” for adult-to-adult transmission reduction includes expanded HIV testing, linkage to care, antiretroviral coverage, retention in care, adherence to therapy, and management of key co-morbidities such as depression and substance use. With successful viral suppression, persons with HIV are far less infectious to others, as we see in the fields of sexually transmitted infection control and mycobacterial disease control (tuberculosis and leprosy). Combination approaches are complex, may involve high program costs, and require substantial global commitments. We present a rationale for such investments and cite an ongoing research agenda that seeks to determine how feasible and cost-effective a combination prevention approach would be in a variety of epidemic contexts, notably that in a sub-Saharan Africa.
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建设实验室基础设施,支持扩大艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗、护理和预防的规模 国内经验
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