Urate transport in health and disease.

Urate transport in health and disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.berh.2021.101717
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发表时间:
2021-12
期刊:
Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Woodward OM
Woodward OM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Halperin Kuhns VL;Woodward OM

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Circulating urate levels are determined by the balance between urate production and excretion, a homeostasis regulated by the function of urate transporters in key epithelial tissues and cell types. Our understanding of these physiological processes and identification of the genes encoding the urate transporters has advanced significantly, leading to a greater ability to predict risk for urate associated diseases and identify new therapeutics that directly target urate transport. Here we review the identified urate transporters and their organization and function in the renal tubule, the intestinal enterocytes, and other important cell types to provide a fuller understanding of the complicated process of urate homeostasis and its role in human disease. Further, we provide a review of the genetic tools that have provided the unbiased catalyst for transporter identification as well as a discussion of the role of transporters in determining the observed significant sex differences in urate associated disease risk.
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