A simple theory for the mesopredator release effect: when does an apex predator protect their shared prey from a mesopredator?

A simple theory for the mesopredator release effect: when does an apex predator protect their shared prey from a mesopredator?
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关于中捕食者释放效应的简单理论:顶级捕食者何时保护其共享猎物免受中捕食者的侵害?

DOI:
10.1111/oik.09021
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Nishijima Shota
Nishijima Shota
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Takimoto Gaku;Nishijima Shota

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捕食在构建生态群落中扮演着各种重要的角色。当一个顶端捕食者的消失增加了一个中捕食者的密度,这反过来又降低了它们共享猎物的密度时,就会发生中捕食者释放效应。中捕食者释放效应对捕食者管理和生物多样性保护构成了重大挑战。虽然一些数学模型提出了具体的情况下,诱导中捕食者释放效应,还没有理论提供了这种效果的一般条件。在这里,我们提出了一个简单的数学模型,以澄清的一般条件,诱导中捕食者释放效果。该模型预测,当中捕食者的承载力超过一定阈值,以及顶端捕食者对中捕食者的自上而下效应大于对共享猎物的自上而下效应时,中捕食者释放效应将发生。这些条件统一了以前的模型,并符合现有的经验例子。我们的理论的简单性可能有助于制定系统特定的指导方针,以控制各种生态系统中的中捕食者释放效应。
Predation plays a variety of important roles in structuring ecological communities. The mesopredator release effect occurs when the removal of an apex predator increases the density of a mesopredator, which in turn reduces the density of their shared prey. The mesopredator release effect can pose significant challenges for predator management and biodiversity conservation. Although several mathematical models have proposed specific circumstances that induce the mesopredator release effect, no theory has yet provided general conditions for this effect. Here, we propose a simple mathematical model to clarify the general conditions that induce the mesopredator release effect. The model predicts that the mesopredator release effect will occur when 1) the carrying capacity of the mesopredator exceeds a certain threshold, and 2) the top–down effect of the apex predator is larger on the mesopredator than on their shared prey. These conditions unify those from previous models and match the existing empirical examples. The simplicity of our theory may be useful for developing system‐specific guidelines to control the mesopredator release effect in various ecosystems.
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