Experimental study on characteristics of trapping and regulating sediment with an open-type check dam in debris flow hazard mitigation
Experimental study on characteristics of trapping and regulating sediment with an open-type check dam in debris flow hazard mitigation
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敞开式淤积坝泥石流减灾截流特性试验研究
DOI：
10.1007/s11629-017-4619-1
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
LIU Jin-feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SUN Hao;YOU Yong;LIU Jin-feng
梁式坝是一种有效的、常用的开口式拦河坝，它的坝型结构形式有多种。本研究利用量纲分析法，建立经验公式，以定量计算梁式坝之拦沙调流特性。为确定经验公式的系数，进行了水槽试验，模拟了截留和调节过程。研究了泥石流通过梁式坝时的流态、截留和调节特性。泥石流堆积密度和峰值流量，泥沙截留率，直接和间接测量。结果表明，梁坝存在三种拦蓄作用，拦蓄作用的破坏对梁坝的拦蓄和调节性能有较大影响。相对开口尺寸和含沙量是影响梁坝性能的两个主要因素。拦沙率随相对开度的增大而减小，随含沙量、容重减小率和洪峰流量减小率的增大而增大。含沙量和相对开度是影响梁坝拦沙调沙的主要因素，其次是水槽坡度。结果表明，经验公式计算值与实验值吻合较好，偏差在可接受范围内。最后，以则岔洼沟为例，利用经验公式设计了以拦沙和调节泥石流洪峰流量为目的的梁坝开口尺寸。
Beam dams are a highly effective and commonly used open-type check dam in debris-flow hazard mitigation. In this study, dimensional analysis was used to obtain empirical equations for quantitatively determining the sediment-trapping and flow-regulating characteristics of a beam dam. To determine the coefficients of the empirical equations, flume experiments were conducted to simulate the trapping and regulating processes. The flow pattern, trapping, and regulating characteristics were investigated when debris flows passed through a beam dam. Debris-flow bulk density and peak discharge, and sediment-trapping ratios, were measured directly and indirectly. The results showed that three blocking actions occurred, and that blockage-breaking considerably influenced the trapping and regulating performance of the beam dam. The relative opening size and the sediment concentration were the two main factors affecting the performance of the beam dam. The ratio of trapping sediment decreased with relative opening, and increased with sediment concentration as well as reducing ratio of bulk density and reducing ratio of peak discharge. The sediment concentration and relative opening were the leading factors influencing the trapping and regulating sediment of a beam dam, followed by flume gradient. The results showed that the calculated values obtained using empirical equations were in good agreement with the values derived from the experiments, and that the deviation was acceptable. Finally, taking Zechawa Gully as an example, using the empirical equations we designed the opening size of a beam dam aimed to trap sediment and regulate peak discharge of debris flow in the main gully.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Schwindt;M. Franca;A. Schleiss
通讯作者：
S. Schwindt;M. Franca;A. Schleiss
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010-10
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
X. Qiang
通讯作者：
X. Qiang
DOI：
10.5194/nhessd-3-5777-2015
发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Y. Zou;X. Q. Chen
通讯作者：
Y. Zou;X. Q. Chen
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
--
影响因子：
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作者：
N. Ishikawa;Joji Shima;T. Matsubara;H. Tatesawa;T. Horiguchi;T. Mizuyama
通讯作者：
N. Ishikawa;Joji Shima;T. Matsubara;H. Tatesawa;T. Horiguchi;T. Mizuyama
DOI：
10.2495/sdp-v11-n2-107-118
发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Silva;S. Costa;R. Canelas;A. Pinheiro;A. Cardoso
通讯作者：
M. Silva;S. Costa;R. Canelas;A. Pinheiro;A. Cardoso