Real-Time Observation of Backtracking by Bacterial RNA Polymerase.

Real-Time Observation of Backtracking by Bacterial RNA Polymerase.
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细菌 RNA 聚合酶回溯的实时观察。

DOI:
10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01184
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Heyduk,Tomasz
Heyduk,Tomasz
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lass-Napiorkowska,Agnieszka;Heyduk,Tomasz

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RNA聚合酶(RNAP)回溯是酶在DNA和RNA上的向后滑动。它在细菌和真核生物的许多重要过程中发挥着重要作用。我们在这里描述了一种基于荧光的方法,允许实时观察细菌RNAP的回溯。当将Cy3荧光探针掺入回溯位置附近的非模板链中的特定位置时,可以监控探针附近的RNAP运动,因为蛋白质的接近导致了荧光的强烈增强。使用这种方法,我们发现在磷酸二酯键形成之前NTP与活性部位的结合抑制了回溯,这与NTP结合与易位的耦合是一致的。回溯的程度和动力学与DNA-RNA杂交物的不稳定性并没有显示出简单的相关性,这表明回溯对DNA模板序列的依赖更为复杂。通过DNA模板中的基本位置或与生物素化的模板链碱基结合的中性亲和素进行转录的实验表明,回溯在确定RNAP如何对DNA模板中的这些障碍做出反应方面发挥了重要作用。所描述的方法将是破译回溯机制和研究影响回溯的因素的有用工具。
RNA polymerase (RNAP) backtracking is a backward sliding of the enzyme along DNA and RNA. It plays important roles in many essential processes in bacteria and in eukaryotes. We describe here a fluorescence-based approach that allows a real-time observation of bacterial RNAP backtracking. A Cy3 fluorescence probe, when incorporated into a specific site in the nontemplate strand near the site of backtracking, allows RNAP movements to be monitored near the probe because of a robust enhancement of fluorescence caused by protein proximity. Using this approach, we showed that binding of NTP to the active site prior to phosphodiester bond formation inhibited backtracking, consistent with the coupling of NTP binding to translocation. The extent and the kinetics of backtracking did not show a simple correlation with the instability of the DNA–RNA hybrid, indicating a more complex dependence of backtracking on DNA template sequence. Experiments with transcription through an abasic site in DNA template or neutravidin bound to biotinylated template strand base illustrated an important role of backtracking in defining how RNAP reacts to such obstacles in the DNA template. The described approach will be a useful tool in deciphering the mechanism of backtracking and in studying factors that affect the backtracking.
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