Vauxiids as descendants of archaeocyaths: a hypothesis

Vauxiids as descendants of archaeocyaths: a hypothesis
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Vauxiids 作为古生物的后代:一个假设

DOI:
10.1111/let.12433
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
影响因子:
1.5
通讯作者:
Joachim Reitner
Joachim Reitner
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cui Luo;Aihua Yang;Andrey Yu. Zhuravlev;Joachim Reitner

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古细胞是寒武纪大爆发的主要动物群体之一。尽管它们的骨骼高度钙化,但它们表现出一些特殊的特征,如存在隔膜和缺乏骨针。这使古杯类有别于早期多孔动物进化的一般趋势。最近在中国南方的早寒武世关山湖发现的化石显示出典型的古杯亚目特征,同时具有与碳质物质相关的硅化骨架。另一方面,这种坚硬的纤维骨骼框架符合假定的祖先针状海绵动物(Vauxiidae科)的诊断。通过对这一标本的详细描述以及古杯亚目和沃氏亚目之间的直接形态学比较,我们认为,寒武纪角质海绵动物的代表,即沃氏亚目,可能是古杯亚目的后代谱系。由于它们对硅质环境的生态适应,它们在高度钙化的古囊生物灭绝后幸存下来。高度钙化的网角海绵(spongeVaceletia)的存在支持了这种可能性。
Archaeocyaths were one of the major animal groups contributing to the Cambrian Explosion. Despite an overall poriferan appearance of their hypercalcified skeletons, they exhibit a number of peculiar features such as the presence of septa and an absence of spicules. This sets archaeocyaths apart from general trends in early poriferan evolution. Fossils recently discovered from the early Cambrian Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China exhibit features typical for the suborder Archaeocyathina whilst possessing a silicified skeleton associated with carbonaceous material. This rigid fibrous skeletal framework, on the other hand, fits the diagnosis of the supposed ancestral aspiculate demosponges, the family Vauxiidae. By a detailed description of this specimen and a direct morphological comparison between the Archaeocyathina and the Vauxiidae, we suggest that the supposed Cambrian representatives of horny demosponges, that is, vauxiids, probably, were a progeny lineage of archaeocyathines. They survived the extinction of hypercalcified archaeocyaths due to their ecological adaption to siliciclastic environments. The existence of hypercalcified dictyoceratid (‘keratosan’) spongeVaceletia, well known as a ‘living archaeocyath’, supports such a possibility.
贵州省凯里生物群(寒武纪第五期)的软海绵(Demospongia)中的硅质针状体
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