Human impact on Holocene sediment dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean – the example of the Roman harbour of Ephesus
Human impact on Holocene sediment dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean – the example of the Roman harbour of Ephesus
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人类对东地中海全新世沉积物动态的影响——以罗马以弗所港为例
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Brückner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Friederike Stock;M. Knipping;A. Pint;S. Ladstätter;Hugo Delile;Andreas G. Heiss;Hannes Laermanns;P. Mitchell;R. Ployer;Martin Steskal;U. Thanheiser;Ralf Urz;V. Wennrich;H. Brückner
在过去的几千年里，许多侵蚀和积累过程都受到了人为影响的影响。地中海沿岸的古代定居点及其沿着港口的周围地区尤其如此。我们在罗马港口和以弗所港口运河（土耳其西部）的多代理调查显示，人类在过去的三千年中显著引发了土壤侵蚀。自公元前世纪以来，特别是自希腊化时期以来，高沉积速率表明库丘克门德雷斯河的快速冲积和三角洲冲积。砍伐森林、农业（特别是翻耕）和放牧（特别是山羊）是河流集水区侵蚀的主要原因。一个后果是希腊化/罗马海港盆地的严重淤积。这个沉积物收集器记录了人类的影响，从希腊化/罗马到拜占庭时代（公元前2/1世纪到公元6/7世纪），人类的影响得到了强烈的增强，这表现在高沉积率，重金属污染[铅（Pb），铜（Cu）]的值升高，果树花粉和肠道寄生虫的出现。从公元第一个千年的中期到末期，以弗所的影响力下降，这导致了人类影响力的下降。对地中海周围几个古代定居点的研究讲述了一个类似的故事。它们还证实，在其最繁荣的时期，人类的影响完全盖过了气候的影响。为了检测后者，必须详细调查相对原始地区的地理生物档案。版权所有© 2016约翰威利父子有限公司.
During the past millennia, many erosion and accumulation processes have been modified by anthropogenic impact. This holds especially true for the environs of ancient settlements and their harbours along the Mediterranean coasts. Our multi‐proxy investigations in the Roman harbour and the harbour canal of Ephesus (western Turkey) reveals that humans have significantly triggered soil erosion during the last three millennia. Since the eighth century bc, and especially since the Hellenistic period, a high sedimentation rate indicates fast alluviation and delta progradation of the Küçük Menderes. Deforestation, agriculture (especially ploughing) and grazing (especially goats) were the main reasons for erosion of the river catchment area. One consequence was significant siltation of the Hellenistic/Roman harbour basin. This sediment trap archives the human impact, which was strongly enhanced from Hellenistic/Roman to Byzantine times (second/first centuries bc to the sixth/seventh centuries ad), evidenced by high sedimentation rates, raised values of heavy metal contaminations [lead (Pb), copper (Cu)], the occurrence of fruit tree pollen and of intestinal parasites. From the middle to the end of the first millennium ad, the influence of Ephesus declined, which resulted in a decrease of human impact. Studies of several ancient settlements around the Mediterranean Sea tell a comparable story. They also confirm that during their most flourishing periods the human impact totally overprinted the climatic one. To detect the latter, geo‐bio‐archives of relatively pristine areas have to be investigated in detail. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
W. Laurance
通讯作者：
W. Laurance
取自大海，被大海收回：别迦摩海上卫星城埃莱亚封闭港口的命运（土耳其）
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Seeliger;Feuser;Kelterbaum;Pirson;Brückner
通讯作者：
Brückner