High school biology teachers’ integration of computational thinking into data practices to support student investigations

High school biology teachers’ integration of computational thinking into data practices to support student investigations
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高中生物教师将计算思维融入数据实践以支持学生调查

DOI:
10.1002/tea.21834
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Laclede, Laura
Laclede, Laura
中科院分区:
教育学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Peters‐Burton, Erin;Rich, Peter Jacob;Kitsantas, Anastasia;Stehle, Stephanie M.;Laclede, Laura

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在美国,下一代科学标准倡导将计算思维(CT)作为科学和工程实践的整合。此外,一些教育研究人员一致认为,增加参与计算思维的机会可以为课堂活动提供真实性。这可以通过介绍CT原理来实现,例如算法,抽象和自动化,或者通过检查用于进行现代科学的工具,强调CT在解决问题中的作用。这项对美国大西洋中部地区9名高中生物教师的跨案例分析记录了他们如何在为期一年的专业发展(PD)后将CT整合到课程中。PD的重点强调数据的做法,在科学教师的经验教训,使用Weintrop等人。的数据实践定义。这些是:(a)创建(生成数据),(B)收集(收集数据),(c)操作(清理和组织数据),(d)可视化(以图形方式表示数据),以及(e)分析(解释数据)。此外,在每个数据实践中,教师被要求整合五种CT实践中的至少一种:(a)分解(将复杂问题分解为更小的部分),(B)模式识别(识别数据实践中反复出现的相似性),(c)算法(创建和使用公式来预测给定特定输入的输出),(d)抽象化(消除细节,以便概括或看到“全局”),以及(e)自动化(使用计算工具执行具体程序)。尽管生物教师在他们的课程中整合了所有的CT实践,但他们发现整合分解和模式识别更容易,而整合抽象,算法思维和自动化则更困难。设计专业发展经验的影响进行了讨论。
In the United States, the Next Generation Science Standards advocate for the integration of computational thinking (CT) as a science and engineering practice. Additionally, there is agreement among some educational researchers that increasing opportunities for engaging in computational thinking can lend authenticity to classroom activities. This can be done through introducing CT principles, such as algorithms, abstractions, and automations, or through examining the tools used to conduct modern science, emphasizing CT in problem solving. This cross‐case analysis of nine high school biology teachers in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States documents how they integrated CT into their curricula following a year‐long professional development (PD). The focus of the PD emphasized data practices in the science teachers' lessons, using Weintrop et al.'s definition of data practices. These are: (a) creation (generating data), (b) collection (gathering data), (c) manipulation (cleaning and organizing data), (d) visualization (graphically representing data), and (e) analysis (interpreting data). Additionally, within each data practice, teachers were asked to integrate at least one of five CT practices: (a) decomposition (breaking a complex problem into smaller parts), (b) pattern‐recognition (identifying recurring similarities in data practices), (c) algorithms (the creation and use of formulas to predict an output given a specific input), (d) abstraction (eliminating detail in order to generalize or see the “big picture”), and (e) automation (using computational tools to carry out specific procedures). Although the biology teachers integrated all CT practices across their lessons, they found it easier to integrate decomposition and pattern recognition while finding it more difficult to integrate abstraction, algorithmic thinking, and automation. Implications for designing professional development experiences are discussed.
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