Clickstream data yields high-resolution maps of science.

Clickstream data yields high-resolution maps of science.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0004803
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Balakireva L
Balakireva L
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bollen J;Van de Sompel H;Hagberg A;Bettencourt L;Chute R;Rodriguez MA;Balakireva L

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从引文数据中创建了复杂的科学地图,以可视化科学活动的结构。然而,大多数科学出版物现在都可以在网上查阅。学术门户网站记录了详细的日志数据,其规模超过了所有现有引文的总和。这种日志数据在发布后立即记录,并跟踪由许多不同域中的各种用户发出的用户请求(点击流)的序列。鉴于日志数据集相对于引用数据的这些优势,我们研究它们是否可以产生高分辨率,更现代的科学地图。在2007年和2008年期间,我们收集了一些最重要的出版商、聚合商和机构联盟的学术门户网站记录的近10亿次用户交互。由此产生的参考数据集涵盖了2006年全球范围内使用的学术门户网站的重要组成部分,并提供了人文,社会科学和自然科学的平衡覆盖。从日志中的用户交互序列中提取日志点击流模型,即一阶马尔可夫链。点击流模型通过与盖蒂研究所的建筑和艺术主题词表进行比较来验证。由此产生的模型被可视化为一个期刊网络,概述了各个科学领域之间的关系,并澄清了社会科学和人文科学与自然科学的联系。大规模点击流数据产生的科学地图提供了一个详细的,当代的科学活动视图,并纠正了引文数据中常见的社会科学和人文科学的代表性不足。
Intricate maps of science have been created from citation data to visualize the structure of scientific activity. However, most scientific publications are now accessed online. Scholarly web portals record detailed log data at a scale that exceeds the number of all existing citations combined. Such log data is recorded immediately upon publication and keeps track of the sequences of user requests (clickstreams) that are issued by a variety of users across many different domains. Given these advantages of log datasets over citation data, we investigate whether they can produce high-resolution, more current maps of science. Over the course of 2007 and 2008, we collected nearly 1 billion user interactions recorded by the scholarly web portals of some of the most significant publishers, aggregators and institutional consortia. The resulting reference data set covers a significant part of world-wide use of scholarly web portals in 2006, and provides a balanced coverage of the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. A journal clickstream model, i.e. a first-order Markov chain, was extracted from the sequences of user interactions in the logs. The clickstream model was validated by comparing it to the Getty Research Institute's Architecture and Art Thesaurus. The resulting model was visualized as a journal network that outlines the relationships between various scientific domains and clarifies the connection of the social sciences and humanities to the natural sciences. Maps of science resulting from large-scale clickstream data provide a detailed, contemporary view of scientific activity and correct the underrepresentation of the social sciences and humanities that is commonly found in citation data.
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