Kinship and familiarity mitigate costs of social conflict between Seychelles warbler neighbors.
Kinship and familiarity mitigate costs of social conflict between Seychelles warbler neighbors.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1704350114
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发表时间：
2017-10-24
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Richardson DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bebbington K;Kingma SA;Fairfield EA;Dugdale HL;Komdeur J;Spurgin LG;Richardson DS
在自然界中，动物必须与邻居竞争有限的资源。由于资源冲突在时间、精力和繁殖成功方面的代价是极其高昂的，因此调查个体如何解决冲突对于理解社会行为的演变至关重要。在塞舌尔莺，我们展示了两种机制，使个人最大限度地减少冲突的成本，并显示个人从中获得的好处。生活在亲戚或熟悉的个体附近的鸟类在捍卫和维护领土边界方面投入的精力较少，并且也表现出较少的与衰老相关的生理损伤迹象。我们的研究结果表明，邻居之间的冲突可以通过与亲戚分享资源的亲属选择利益来缓解，也可以通过合作的直接互利来缓解。由于几乎所有的生物都在社会环境中与其他生物竞争，减少相互作用的个体之间冲突的机制对于稳定的家庭、群体和社会的进化至关重要。在这里，我们测试了塞舌尔莺（Acrocephalus secellensis）之间的领土空间的社会冲突的成本是否减轻亲属选择（遗传相关性）或互惠互利（社会熟悉）机制。通过测量个体体重和端粒长度的纵向变化，我们证明了领土的健身成本是由相关性，熟悉性，局部密度和性别之间复杂的相互作用驱动的。在相关或熟悉的男性之间共享的领土边界处，肢体冲突不太常见。与此相一致的是，男性领土拥有者在与相关或熟悉的男性相邻时会增加质量，并且在与男性亲属相邻时也表现出较少的端粒磨损。重要的是，这些关系在人口密度高的地区最强。当与陌生的男性邻居生活在一起时，男性的端粒磨损也会更快，但主要是在与这些邻居的相关性也很低的情况下。相比之下，在女性领地拥有者中，无论是亲属关系还是熟悉程度都与体重或端粒丢失无关。我们的研究结果表明，通过亲属选择或互惠途径解决领土空间的冲突可以减少直接的能量成本和永久性的躯体损伤，从而提供了一个重要的机制来解释精细规模的人口结构和不同的社会单位之间的合作在广泛的类群。
In nature, animals must compete with their neighbors for access to limited resources. Since conflict over resources can be extremely costly in terms of time, energy, and reproductive success, investigating how individuals resolve conflict is crucial to understanding the evolution of social behaviors. In the Seychelles warbler, we demonstrate two mechanisms by which individuals minimize costs of conflict and show the benefits individuals gain from doing so. Birds that live near relatives or familiar individuals invest less energy in defending and maintaining territory borders and also show less aging-related signs of physiological damage. Our results suggest that conflict between neighbors can be mitigated by kin-selected benefits of sharing resources with relatives but also through direct mutual benefits of cooperation. Because virtually all organisms compete with others in their social environment, mechanisms that reduce conflict between interacting individuals are crucial for the evolution of stable families, groups, and societies. Here, we tested whether costs of social conflict over territorial space between Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) are mitigated by kin-selected (genetic relatedness) or mutualistic (social familiarity) mechanisms. By measuring longitudinal changes in individuals’ body mass and telomere length, we demonstrated that the fitness costs of territoriality are driven by a complex interplay between relatedness, familiarity, local density, and sex. Physical fights were less common at territory boundaries shared between related or familiar males. In line with this, male territory owners gained mass when living next to related or familiar males and also showed less telomere attrition when living next to male kin. Importantly, these relationships were strongest in high-density areas of the population. Males also had more rapid telomere attrition when living next to unfamiliar male neighbors, but mainly when relatedness to those neighbors was also low. In contrast, neither kinship nor familiarity was linked to body mass or telomere loss in female territory owners. Our results indicate that resolving conflict over territorial space through kin-selected or mutualistic pathways can reduce both immediate energetic costs and permanent somatic damage, thus providing an important mechanism to explain fine-scale population structure and cooperation between different social units across a broad range of taxa.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Brouwer, Lyanne;Richardson, David S.;Komdeur, Jan
通讯作者：
Komdeur, Jan
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Brouwer, L.;Komdeur, J.;Richardson, D. S.
通讯作者：
Richardson, D. S.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BROWN, GE;BROWN, JA
通讯作者：
BROWN, JA
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Eikenaar, Cas;Richardson, David S.;Komdeur, Jan
通讯作者：
Komdeur, Jan
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Griffiths, SW;Armstrong, JD
通讯作者：
Armstrong, JD