Complex interactions with nutrients and sediment alter the effects of predation on a reef‐building coral
Complex interactions with nutrients and sediment alter the effects of predation on a reef‐building coral
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与营养物质和沉积物的复杂相互作用改变了对珊瑚礁的捕食影响——建造珊瑚
DOI：
10.1111/maec.12670
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Burkepile, Deron E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rice, Mallory M.;Baldwin, Daniel G.;Fischer, Janine N.;Fuchs, Corinne;Burkepile, Deron E.
建造框架的珊瑚创造了珊瑚礁的三维结构，容易受到鱼类、棘皮动物和腹足类动物的捕食。人为压力会放大这种自上而下的压力对基础物种的影响。腹足类珊瑚(Kiener，1836)通过捕食耗尽珊瑚能量储备，潜在地增加了珊瑚对陆地污染(即沉积物积累和营养物质污染)的敏感性。我们假设，沉积将加剧珊瑚死亡，而营养丰富将通过增加藻类共生体的密度来缓解沉积物和捕食对珊瑚死亡的有害影响。为了验证这些假设，我们对法属波利尼西亚莫雷亚的珊瑚礁进行了现场调查，以探索地块之间的关系。盖度、紫罗兰的密度和低营养和高营养地点珊瑚群落上的沉积物积累。我们还进行了析因野外实验，以测试这些应激源之间的交互作用对珊瑚组织死亡率、共生体密度和叶绿素的影响。较高营养部位的大孔菌落有C。紫罗兰的密度是低营养地点的13倍，但在有或没有钉螺的珊瑚群体中，这些地点之间的活组织数量没有差异。在我们的实验中，捕食和营养物质以及营养物质和沉积物之间的相互作用影响了珊瑚的死亡。C.的沉积和捕食。紫罗兰使珊瑚组织死亡率独立增加约20%。营养丰富减少了珊瑚在沉积或捕食压力下的这种影响，使珊瑚组织死亡率降低18%，藻类共生体密度增加约28%。我们的结果表明，沉积物不会放大这种珊瑚自上而下的压力，适度的营养丰富可能会以复杂的、意想不到的方式与捕食相互作用，改变珊瑚对自上而下压力的反应。
Framework‐building corals create the three‐dimensional structure of coral reefs and are subject to predation from fishes, echinoderms, and gastropods. Anthropogenic stressors can magnify the effects of such top‐down pressure on foundation species. The gastropodCoralliophilaviolacea(Kiener, 1836) depletes coral energy reserves via predation, potentially increasing coral susceptibility to land‐based pollution (i.e., sediment accumulation and nutrient pollution). We hypothesized that sedimentation would worsen coral mortality, while nutrient enrichment would mitigate the harmful effects of sediment and predation on coral mortality by increasing the densities of algal symbionts. To test these hypotheses, we conducted in situ surveys of the fringing reefs in Mo'orea, French Polynesia to explore the relationships among massivePoritesspp. cover,C. violaceadensities, and sediment accumulation on coral colonies across low and high nutrient sites. We also conducted a factorial field experiment to test the interactions among these stressors on coral tissue mortality, symbiont densities, and chlorophyll. MassivePoritescolonies at higher nutrient sites hadC. violaceadensities 13 times higher than at low nutrient sites but there was no difference in the amount of live tissue on coral colonies with or without snails among these sites. In our experiment, there were interactions between predation and nutrients as well as nutrients and sediment that impacted coral mortality. Sedimentation and predation byC. violaceaincreased coral tissue mortality independently by ~20%. Nutrient enrichment reduced this effect in corals under sedimentation or predation pressure by lowering coral tissue mortality by 18% and increasing algal symbiont densities by ~28%. Our results indicate that sediment does not magnify top‐down pressure on this coral, and that moderate nutrient enrichment may interact with predation in complex, unexpected ways to alter the responses of corals to top‐down pressure.
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