Future Changes to El Niño Teleconnections over the North Pacific and North America

Future Changes to El Niño Teleconnections over the North Pacific and North America
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北太平洋和北美厄尔尼诺遥相关的未来变化

DOI:
10.1175/jcli-d-20-0877.1
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
4.9
通讯作者:
Beverley J
Beverley J
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Beverley J

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厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)是年际气候变化的主要模式,它对世界上许多偏远地区,例如北美北方,产生了强烈的影响。在这里,我们研究未来的变化,正相ENSO遥相关的北太平洋/北美部门,并调查所涉及的机制。我们发现,在CMIP 6的突变4× CO2试验中,几乎所有模式(26个模式中有22个模式,其中15个模式有统计学显著差异)的阿拉斯加和北美北方地区与厄尔尼诺事件相关的正温度异常都要弱得多,或者符号相反。这在很大程度上与北太平洋上空异常环流的变化有关,而不是赤道到两极温度梯度的差异。使用正压模式,运行不同的背景环流基本状态和Rossby波源强迫模式从个人CMIP 6模式,我们发现,赤道中太平洋降水异常的强迫的变化比全球基本状态背景环流的变化更重要。通过进一步将这种强迫变化分解为与ENSO降水异常的经度和幅度相关的变化,我们证明了ENSO降水的预计整体东移是温度遥相关变化的主要驱动力,而不是厄尔尼诺降水异常幅度的增加,这在大多数模型中都可以看到。
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of interannual climate variability, and it exerts a strong influence on many remote regions of the world, for example in northern North America. Here, we examine future changes to the positive-phase ENSO teleconnection to the North Pacific/North America sector and investigate the mechanisms involved. We find that the positive temperature anomalies over Alaska and northern North America that are associated with an El Niño event in the present day are much weaker, or of the opposite sign, in the CMIP6 abrupt 4×CO2experiments for almost all models (22 out of 26, of which 15 have statistically significant differences). This is largely related to changes to the anomalous circulation over the North Pacific, rather than differences in the equator-to-pole temperature gradient. Using a barotropic model, run with different background circulation basic states and Rossby wave source forcing patterns from the individual CMIP6 models, we find that changes to the forcing from the equatorial central Pacific precipitation anomalies are more important than changes in the global basic state background circulation. By further decomposing this forcing change into changes associated with the longitude and magnitude of ENSO precipitation anomalies, we demonstrate that the projected overall eastward shift of ENSO precipitation is the main driver of the temperature teleconnection change, rather than the increase in magnitude of El Niño precipitation anomalies, which is nevertheless seen in the majority of models.
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