The glomerular basement membrane.

The glomerular basement membrane.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.02.031
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发表时间:
2012-05-15
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Miner, Jeffrey H.
Miner, Jeffrey H.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Miner, Jeffrey H.

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肾脏的肾小球滤过屏障由两种细胞(足细胞和内皮细胞)以及肾小球基底膜(GBM)组成,肾小球基底膜是位于它们之间的一种特殊的细胞外基质。与所有基底膜一样,GBM 主要由层粘连蛋白、IV 型胶原、巢蛋白和硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖组成。然而,GBM 异常厚,并且包含这些一般蛋白质家族的特定成员,包括层粘连蛋白 521、胶原蛋白 α3α4α5(IV) 和 agrin。小鼠的敲除研究和人类的基因发现表明,层粘连蛋白和 IV 型胶原蛋白成分对于 GBM 结构和功能特别重要,因为层粘连蛋白或 IV 型胶原蛋白基因突变会导致不同严重程度的滤过缺陷和肾脏疾病,具体取决于突变的性质。这些研究表明 GBM 在建立和维持肾小球滤过屏障方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
The kidney’s glomerular filtration barrier consists of two cells—podocytes and endothelial cells—and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), a specialized extracellular matrix that lies between them. Like all basement membranes, the GBM consists mainly of laminin, type IV collagen, nidogen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. However, the GBM is unusually thick and contains particular members of these general protein families, including laminin-521, collagen α3α4α5(IV), and agrin. Knockout studies in mice and genetic findings in humans shows that the laminin and type IV collagen components are particularly important for GBM structure and function, as laminin or collagen IV gene mutations cause filtration defects and renal disease of varying severities, depending on the nature of the mutations. These studies suggest that the GBM plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier.
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