Neurobiological mechanisms of early life adversity, blunted stress reactivity and risk for addiction.
Neurobiological mechanisms of early life adversity, blunted stress reactivity and risk for addiction.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108519
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发表时间：
2021-05-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lovallo, William R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al'Absi, Mustafa;Ginty, Annie T.;Lovallo, William R.
童年和青春期早期暴露于压力导致的压力反应减弱可能会增加成瘾的可能性。早年逆境（ELA）会影响大脑结构和功能，导致应激轴反应迟钝。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注与压力反应迟钝、ELA 和成瘾性疾病风险相关的潜在神经生物学机制。 ELA 和反应迟钝伴随着不稳定的情绪调节、冲动行为和认知功能下降。神经影像学研究揭示了接触 ELA 的人和具有成瘾遗传倾向的人的皮质和皮质下变化。我们提出了一个模型，其中压力反应性减弱可能是成瘾风险的一个标志，通过改变对压力的动机和行为反应性，导致行为反应性和冲动性的解除，进而导致物质使用的脆弱性增加。提出了在物质使用开始、维持和复发风险背景下支持这一假设的证据。 ELA 对有成瘾风险的人的影响可能会导致早期滥用药物的实验。早期采用药物摄入可能会改变这些易感人群的神经调节，导致与依赖性一致的动机反应的永久性失调。本文是“药物滥用的脆弱性”特刊的一部分。
Blunted stress reactivity resulting from early exposure to stress during childhood and adolescence may increase vulnerability to addiction. Early life adversity (ELA) affects brain structure and function and results in blunted stress axis reactivity. In this review, we focus on the underlying neurobiological mechanisms associated with a blunted response to stress, ELA, and risk for addictive disorders. ELA and blunted reactivity are accompanied by unstable mood regulation, impulsive behaviors, and reduced cognitive function. Neuroimaging studies reveal cortical and subcortical changes in persons exposed to ELA and those who have a genetic disposition for addiction. We propose a model in which blunted stress reactivity may be a marker of risk for addiction through an altered motivational and behavioral reactivity to stress that contribute to disinhibited behavioral reactivity and impulsivity leading in turn to increased vulnerability for substance use. Evidence supporting this hypothesis in the context of substance use initiation, maintenance, and risk for relapse is presented. The effects of ELA on persons at risk for addiction may lead to early experimentation with drugs of abuse. Early adoption of drug intake may alter neuroregulation in such vulnerable persons leading to a permanent dysregulation of motivational responses consistent with dependence. This article is part of the special issue on ‘Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse’.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Acheson, Ashley;Wijtenburg, S. Andrea;Rowland, Laura M.;Winkler, Anderson M.;Gaston, Frank;Mathias, Charles W.;Fox, Peter T.;Lovallo, William R.;Wright, Susan N.;Hong, L. Elliot;Dougherty, Donald M.;Kochunov, Peter
通讯作者：
Kochunov, Peter
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Anderson, Kermyt G.
通讯作者：
Anderson, Kermyt G.
DOI：
10.1017/s1461145708009565
发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Armbruster, Diana;Moser, Dirk Alexander;Brocke, Burkhard
通讯作者：
Brocke, Burkhard
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Al'Absi, Mustafa;Wittmers, Lorentz E.;Westra, Ruth
通讯作者：
Westra, Ruth
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
alʼAbsi M
通讯作者：
alʼAbsi M