A practical guide to selecting models for exploration, inference, and prediction in ecology.

A practical guide to selecting models for exploration, inference, and prediction in ecology.
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DOI:
10.1002/ecy.3336
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Adler PB
Adler PB
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tredennick AT;Hooker G;Ellner SP;Adler PB

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在相互竞争的统计模型中进行选择是科学的核心挑战。然而,模型选择的许多可能的方法和技术,以及关于它们的使用的相互冲突的建议,可能会令人困惑。我们认为,围绕统计模型选择的许多混乱是由于未能首先明确指定分析的目的。我们认为生态学中统计建模有三个不同的目标:数据探索、推理和预测。一旦清晰地表达了建模目标,就可以更容易地确定适当的模型选择过程。我们回顾了模型选择方法,并强调了它们相对于三个建模目标的优点和缺点。然后,我们介绍了使用蝴蝶种群数量的时间序列进行探索、推断和预测的建模示例。这些展示了模型选择方法如何自然地从建模目标中产生,从而导致为不同的目的选择不同的模型,甚至使用完全相同的数据集。这篇综述说明了生态学家的最佳实践,并应提醒人们,统计方法不能代替批判性思维或使用独立数据来检验假设和验证预测。
Selecting among competing statistical models is a core challenge in science. However, the many possible approaches and techniques for model selection, and the conflicting recommendations for their use, can be confusing. We contend that much confusion surrounding statistical model selection results from failing to first clearly specify the purpose of the analysis. We argue that there are three distinct goals for statistical modeling in ecology: data exploration, inference, and prediction. Once the modeling goal is clearly articulated, an appropriate model selection procedure is easier to identify. We review model selection approaches and highlight their strengths and weaknesses relative to each of the three modeling goals. We then present examples of modeling for exploration, inference, and prediction using a time series of butterfly population counts. These show how a model selection approach flows naturally from the modeling goal, leading to different models selected for different purposes, even with exactly the same data set. This review illustrates best practices for ecologists and should serve as a reminder that statistical recipes cannot substitute for critical thinking or for the use of independent data to test hypotheses and validate predictions.
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