MFSD12 mediates the import of cysteine into melanosomes and lysosomes.

MFSD12 mediates the import of cysteine into melanosomes and lysosomes.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-020-2937-x
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发表时间:
2020-12
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Sabatini DM
Sabatini DM
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Adelmann CH;Traunbauer AK;Chen B;Condon KJ;Chan SH;Kunchok T;Lewis CA;Sabatini DM

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数十种基因导致了人类色素沉着的巨大差异。其中许多编码蛋白定位于黑素小体,黑素小体是与溶酶体相关的细胞器,合成色素,但功能不清楚。在这里,我们描述了快速分离黑素小体并分析其不稳定代谢物含量的MelanoIP方法。我们用它来研究MFSD12,一种分子功能未知的跨膜蛋白,当被抑制时,会导致小鼠和人类更深的色素沉着。我们发现,MFSD12对于维持黑素体中半胱氨酸的氧化二聚体--半胱氨酸的正常水平,以及产生半胱氨酸多巴是必需的,而半胱氨酸多巴是黑素体通过半胱氨酸氧化合成酚黑素的前体。示踪和生化分析表明,MFSD12是半胱氨酸输入黑素小体所必需的,而在无色素细胞中,MFSD12是输入溶酶体所必需的。事实上,MFSD12的缺失减少了胱氨酸病患者成纤维细胞溶酶体中胱氨酸的积累,胱氨酸病是一种溶酶体储存性疾病,由溶酶体胱氨酸输出物CTNS(胱氨酸氨基转移酶)失活引起。因此,MFSD12是长期寻找的黑素体和溶酶体半胱氨酸进口体的重要组成部分。
Dozens of genes contribute to the vast variation in human pigmentation. Many of these encode proteins that localize to the melanosome, the lysosome-related organelle that synthesizes pigment, but have unclear functions . Here, we describe the MelanoIP method for rapidly isolating melanosomes and profiling their labile metabolite contents. We use it to study MFSD12, a transmembrane protein of unknown molecular function that when suppressed causes darker pigmentation in mice and humans . We find that MFSD12 is required to maintain normal levels of cystine, the oxidized dimer of cysteine, in melanosomes, and to produce cysteinyldopas, the precursors of pheomelanin synthesis made in melanosomes via cysteine oxidation . Tracing and biochemical analyses show that MFSD12 is necessary for the import of cysteine into melanosomes, and, in non-pigmented cells, lysosomes. Indeed, loss of MFSD12 reduced the accumulation of cystine in lysosomes of fibroblasts from patients with cystinosis, a lysosomal storage disease caused by inactivation of the lysosomal cystine exporter CTNS (Cystinosin). Thus, MFSD12 is an essential component of the long-sought cysteine importer for melanosomes and lysosomes.
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