Supply and demand determine the market value of access to infants in the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana).
Supply and demand determine the market value of access to infants in the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana).
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供求关系决定金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）幼崽的市场价值
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0065962
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Li B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wei W;Qi X;Garber PA;Guo S;Zhang P;Li B
根据生物市场范式，合作伙伴之间的交易决策将受到当前商品（商品和服务）的“汇率”的影响，而汇率又受供求关系和交易商的出价能力的影响。在几种非人类灵长类动物中，新生婴儿对雌性群体成员很有吸引力，可能成为一种理想的商品，可以在生物市场上交换毛发。研究了秦岭金金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）雌性金丝猴在抚育幼崽的过程中是否发生了毛发梳理的交替。罗氏小蠊是一种多层次的社会组织，其特征是100多只群体成员被组织成6-11个单雄单位，每个单位由一只成年雄性和几只成年雌性及其后代组成。在28个月的时间里，研究人员收集了有不到6个月大的婴儿的母亲（N = 36）和其他成年雌性部队成员的梳理模式的行为数据。我们的研究结果提供了强有力的证据，为接触婴儿的交换梳理。为接近婴儿而梳理毛发更有可能是由潜在的处理者（非母亲）发起的，而母亲的回应则不太可能。此外，梳理毛发的持续时间与每个雄性单位中每个雌性的婴儿数量呈负相关，这表明可能存在供需市场效应。母亲和训导员之间的等级差异与梳理时间呈负相关。随着婴儿年龄的增加，驯兽师为其梳理毛发的时间变短，这表明年龄较大的婴儿的“价值”降低了。最后，经常梳洗的伴侣被允许处理和保持与婴儿接触的时间比不经常梳洗的伴侣更长。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即在罗氏黑绒猴中，梳理毛发和照顾幼崽可能是一种交易，而且个体为获得幼崽而支付的价格会随着供需而波动。
According to a biological market paradigm, trading decisions between partners will be influenced by the current ‘exchange rate’ of commodities (good and services), which is affected by supply and demand, and the trader’s ability to outbid competitors. In several species of nonhuman primates, newborn infants are attractive to female group members and may become a desired commodity that can be traded for grooming within a biological market place. We investigated whether grooming was interchanged for infant handling in female golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) inhabiting the Qinling Mountains of central China. R. roxellana exhibit a multilevel social organization characterized by over 100 troop members organized into 6–11 one-male units each composed one adult male and several adult females and their offspring. Behavioral data were collected over the course of 28 months on grooming patterns between mothers with infants less than 6 months old (N = 36) and other adult female troop members. Our results provide strong evidence for the interchange of grooming for access to infants. Grooming for infant access was more likely to be initiated by potential handlers (nonmothers) and less likely reciprocated by mothers. Moreover, grooming bout duration was inversely related to the number of infants per female present in each one-male unit indicating the possibility of a supply and demand market effect. The rank difference between mothers and handlers was negatively correlated with grooming duration. With increasing infant age, the duration of grooming provided by handlers was shorter suggesting that the ‘value’ of older infants had decreased. Finally, frequent grooming partners were allowed to handle and maintain access to infants longer than infrequent groomers. These results support the contention that grooming and infant handling may be traded in R. roxellana and that the price individuals paid for access to infants fluctuated with supply and demand.
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