Amyloid assembly and disassembly.

Amyloid assembly and disassembly.
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DOI:
10.1242/jcs.189928
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发表时间:
2018-04-13
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Shorter J
Shorter J
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chuang E;Hori AM;Hesketh CD;Shorter J

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淀粉样蛋白纤维是一种蛋白质均聚体,采用不同的交叉β构象。一些淀粉样纤维与破坏性神经退行性疾病的发病机制有关,包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。相反,功能性淀粉样蛋白在黑素小体的生物形成、长期记忆的形成和多肽激素的释放方面发挥着有益的作用。在这里,我们展示了我们对淀粉样蛋白组装和结构的理解方面的进展,以及由相同蛋白质形成的不同的淀粉样蛋白菌株如何导致不同的神经退行性疾病。我们讨论了突变的立体拉链如何促进有害的淀粉样蛋白发生和异常的液体到凝胶的相变。我们还重点介绍了对抗淀粉样蛋白形成和相关毒性的有效策略,包括:(1)小分子药物(如他法米迪)抑制淀粉样蛋白的形成或(2)通过蛋白酶体和自噬刺激淀粉样蛋白的降解,以及(3)分解有毒的淀粉样蛋白和可溶性寡聚体的蛋白质解聚。我们预计,这些进展将启发几种致命的神经退行性疾病的治疗。摘要:这篇综述展示了我们在了解淀粉样蛋白结构、组装和分解方面的重要进展,这些都是对淀粉样蛋白疾病的新治疗策略的启发。
Amyloid fibrils are protein homopolymers that adopt diverse cross-β conformations. Some amyloid fibrils are associated with the pathogenesis of devastating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Conversely, functional amyloids play beneficial roles in melanosome biogenesis, long-term memory formation and release of peptide hormones. Here, we showcase advances in our understanding of amyloid assembly and structure, and how distinct amyloid strains formed by the same protein can cause distinct neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss how mutant steric zippers promote deleterious amyloidogenesis and aberrant liquid-to-gel phase transitions. We also highlight effective strategies to combat amyloidogenesis and related toxicity, including: (1) small-molecule drugs (e.g. tafamidis) to inhibit amyloid formation or (2) stimulate amyloid degradation by the proteasome and autophagy, and (3) protein disaggregases that disassemble toxic amyloid and soluble oligomers. We anticipate that these advances will inspire therapeutics for several fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Summary: This Review showcases important advances in our understanding of amyloid structure, assembly and disassembly, which are inspiring novel therapeutic strategies for amyloid disorders.
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