Endoplasmic reticulum stress: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100860
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发表时间:
2020-11
影响因子:
17.8
通讯作者:
Gorbatyuk OS
Gorbatyuk OS
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gorbatyuk MS;Starr CR;Gorbatyuk OS

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视网膜中的生理平衡取决于视杆和视锥光感受器之间的协调工作,并且可以被导致遗传性视网膜变性(IRD)的突变蛋白质的表达所损害。IRD是一组不同的视网膜营养不良,具有多方面的分子机制,尚未完全了解。在这篇综述中,我们专注于慢性激活未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)的遗传性视网膜发病机制的贡献,特别强调采用转基因动物模型的研究。由于在退化的视网膜中组成性活跃的UPR可能激活与氧化应激、促炎信号传导、功能障碍性自噬、游离胞质Ca 2+超载和视网膜中蛋白质合成速率改变相关的促凋亡程序,我们专注于翻译衰减的调节机制和克服退化视网膜中翻译衰减的方法。我们还讨论了目前关于UPR介体PERK及其下游靶点在视网膜变性中的作用的研究,并强调了在IRD临床前动物模型中重新编程PERK信号的治疗益处。最后,我们描述了针对眼部疾病中UPR的药理学方法,并考虑其在IRD中的潜在应用。
Physiological equilibrium in the retina depends on coordinated work between rod and cone photoreceptors and can be compromised by the expression of mutant proteins leading to inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). IRD is a diverse group of retinal dystrophies with multifaceted molecular mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the contribution of chronically activated unfolded protein response (UPR) to inherited retinal pathogenesis, placing special emphasis on studies employing genetically modified animal models. As constitutively active UPR in degenerating retinas may activate pro-apoptotic programs associated with oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory signaling, dysfunctional autophagy, free cytosolic Ca2+ overload, and altered protein synthesis rate in the retina, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of translational attenuation and approaches to overcoming translational attenuation in degenerating retinas. We also discuss current research on the role of the UPR mediator PERK and its downstream targets in degenerating retinas and highlight the therapeutic benefits of reprogramming PERK signaling in preclinical animal models of IRD. Finally, we describe pharmacological approaches targeting UPR in ocular diseases and consider their potential applications to IRD.
核苷三磷酸酶活性在青蛙的视网膜中的精细定位。
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