Responses of fish and invertebrates to floods and droughts in Europe
Responses of fish and invertebrates to floods and droughts in Europe
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鱼类和无脊椎动物对欧洲洪水和干旱的反应
DOI：
10.1002/eco.1793
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Piniewski M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piniewski M
洪水和干旱，两个相反的自然组成部分的径流制度，是众所周知的调节人口规模和物种多样性。这些干扰及其随后的生态响应的量化措施，需要综合流生态系统关系的知识。这项研究首次将用于收集欧洲洪水和干旱生态响应证据的系统性综述方法与用于量化极端事件严重程度的统计方法相结合。在文献检索中识别出的854篇出版物中，54篇论文在筛选和资格检查后被保留，共提供了82个案例研究，这些案例研究具有独特的极端事件-生态响应关联，并提取了数据。这样，就建立了一个数据库，其中有案例研究的元数据，可以就各种因素进行探讨。这项研究指出了几乎无法综合证据的研究空白，例如干旱事件研究和鱼类研究。结果表明，在许多情况下，所研究的指标（丰度，密度，丰富度和多样性）在事件发生后或期间显示出统计学上的显着下降。无脊椎动物密度和丰富度的反应一般比相应的反应在鱼类更负。生物群对洪水的抵抗力低于对干旱的抵抗力。极端事件的严重程度并不是影响生态指标的一个重要因素，尽管这种分析往往受到案例研究数量不足的阻碍。可以想象，其他因素可能会掩盖干扰严重程度与生物反应之间的任何现有关系。
Floods and droughts, two opposite natural components of streamflow regimes, are known to regulate population size and species diversity. Quantifiable measures of these disturbances and their subsequent ecological responses are needed to synthesize the knowledge on flow–ecosystem relationships. This study for the first time combines the systematic review approach used to collect evidence on the ecological responses to floods and droughts in Europe with the statistical methods used to quantify the extreme events severity. Out of 854 publications identified in literature search, 54 papers were retained after screening and eligibility checks, providing in total 82 case studies with unique extreme event—ecological response associations for which data were extracted. In this way, a database with metadata of case studies that can be explored with respect to various factors was constructed. This study pinpointed the research gaps where little evidence could be synthesized, for example, drought event studies and fish studies. It was demonstrated that in many cases the studied metrics (abundance, density, richness, and diversity) showed statistically significant decreases after or during the event occurrence. The responses in invertebrate density and richness were in general more negative than the corresponding responses in fish. Biota resistance to floods was found to be lower than the resistance to droughts. The severity of extreme events was not found to be an important factor influencing ecological metrics, although this analysis was often hampered by insufficient number of case studies. Conceivably, other factors could mask any existing relationships between disturbance severity and biotic response.
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