Archaic Period Lithic Technology, Sedentism, and Subsistence in Northern Belize: What Can Debitage at Caye Coco and Fred Smith Tell Us?

Archaic Period Lithic Technology, Sedentism, and Subsistence in Northern Belize: What Can Debitage at Caye Coco and Fred Smith Tell Us?
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伯利兹北部的古代石器技术、定居和生存:可可岛和弗雷德·史密斯的借记可以告诉我们什么?

DOI:
10.1017/laq.2022.5
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
0.9
通讯作者:
Rosenswig, Robert M.
Rosenswig, Robert M.
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stemp, W. James;Rosenswig, Robert M.

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尽管在玛雅低地的震前遗址有丰富的岩屑沉积,但这些数据很少被详细研究。我们分析了伯利兹北部淡水小溪流域的两个古老时期遗址Caye Coco和Fred Smith的碎屑硅质岩沉积,以评估石材原材料采购、石器生产和工具使用的策略。对碎屑的技术和使用磨损分析表明,遗址居民的大部分工具石都是从伯利兹北部含硅带(NBCZ)获得的,并依靠硬锤冲击来生产薄片,用作权宜之计,以及一些粗糙的双面和单面。尽管这两个地点的原材料采购和工具生产模式相似,但也存在一些差异,包括Caye Coco的两极减少。根据使用磨损分析,Caye Coco岛遗址的碎屑主要用于加工木材、贝壳和硬接触材料以及挖掘土壤。在弗雷德·史密斯的海岸上,大多数使用磨损与工作木材、植物和坚硬的接触材料以及挖掘土壤的情况一致。对于这两个地点,分析表明,园艺生存战略的重要性日益增加,减少了流动性和对当地生产的一些种植者的依赖。
Despite the abundance of lithic debitage at preceramic sites in the Maya Lowlands, these data have rarely been studied in detail. We analyzed the chipped chert debitage from Caye Coco and Fred Smith, two Archaic period sites in the Freshwater Creek drainage of northern Belize, to evaluate strategies of lithic raw material procurement, stone tool production, and tool use. The technological and use-wear analyses of the debitage demonstrate that the sites’ inhabitants procured most of their tool stone from the Northern Belize Chert-bearing Zone (NBCZ) and relied on hard-hammer percussion to produce flakes for use as expedient tools and some crude bifaces and unifaces. Although similar patterns of raw material procurement and tool production are demonstrated at both sites, some differences exist, including bipolar reduction at Caye Coco. Based on use-wear analysis, the debitage at the island site of Caye Coco was primarily used for working wood, shell, and hard contact materials and for digging soil. On the shore at Fred Smith, most use-wear is consistent with working wood, plants, and hard contact materials, as well as digging soil. For both sites, analyses suggest the increasing importance of a horticultural subsistence strategy with reduced mobility and reliance on some cultigens that were locally produced.
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