Myosin-5, kinesin-1 and myosin-17 cooperate in secretion of fungal chitin synthase.

Myosin-5, kinesin-1 and myosin-17 cooperate in secretion of fungal chitin synthase.
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DOI:
10.1038/emboj.2011.361
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发表时间:
2012-01-04
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Steinberg, Gero
Steinberg, Gero
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schuster, Martin;Treitschke, Steffi;Kilaru, Sreedhar;Molloy, Justin;Harmer, Nicholas J.;Steinberg, Gero

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植物感染病原真菌需要酶的极化分泌,但对其传递途径知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了玉米病原菌Ustilago maydis中细胞壁形成甲壳素合成酶(CHSS)的分泌。我们发现,外周丝状肌动蛋白(F-肌动蛋白)和中央微管(MTS)形成了CHSS递送的独立轨迹,并且两者在细胞形态发生方面相互协作。Mcs1酶是一种含有肌球蛋白-17运动域的CHS,它同时沿着MTS和F-肌动蛋白运动。这种转运不依赖于Kinesin-3,但受Kinesin-1和Myosin-5的调节。到达的囊泡停留在质膜下,但只有15%的囊泡被排出,大部分被运动动力蛋白返回细胞中心。成功的胞吐作用在细胞顶端,在细胞的外侧部分,在较小程度上需要MCS1的运动域,它在分泌之前捕获并拴住小泡。一如既往,Mcs1结合的囊泡短暂地结合F-肌动蛋白,但在体外没有表现出运动性。因此,Kinesin-1、myosin-5和dynein介导双向运动,而myosin-17引入对称性破缺,允许极化分泌。
Plant infection by pathogenic fungi requires polarized secretion of enzymes, but little is known about the delivery pathways. Here, we investigate the secretion of cell wall-forming chitin synthases (CHSs) in the corn pathogen Ustilago maydis. We show that peripheral filamentous actin (F-actin) and central microtubules (MTs) form independent tracks for CHSs delivery and both cooperate in cell morphogenesis. The enzyme Mcs1, a CHS that contains a myosin-17 motor domain, is travelling along both MTs and F-actin. This transport is independent of kinesin-3, but mediated by kinesin-1 and myosin-5. Arriving vesicles pause beneath the plasma membrane, but only ∼15% of them get exocytosed and the majority is returned to the cell centre by the motor dynein. Successful exocytosis at the cell tip and, to a lesser extent at the lateral parts of the cell requires the motor domain of Mcs1, which captures and tethers the vesicles prior to secretion. Consistently, Mcs1-bound vesicles transiently bind F-actin but show no motility in vitro. Thus, kinesin-1, myosin-5 and dynein mediate bi-directional motility, whereas myosin-17 introduces a symmetry break that allows polarized secretion.
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